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Normally, the human body uses its immune system as a defense mechanism to detect and eliminate foreign objects, including cancer cells. However, cancers develop a \u2018switch off\u2019 mechanism, known as immune checkpoint proteins, to evade immune surveillance and suppress immune activation. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to develop the strategies for stimulating immune responses against cancers. Among these, the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to enhance the anti-tumor immune response has emerged as a particularly promising approach in cancer management. EVs possess several unique properties that elevate the potency in modulating immune responses. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in this field, focusing on the strategic usage of EVs to overcome tumor-induced immune tolerance. We discuss the biogenesis and characteristics of EVs, as well as their potential applications in medical contexts. The immune mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment and the strategies employed by cancers to evade immune detection are explored. The roles of EVs in regulating the tumor microenvironment and enhancing immune responses for immunotherapy are also highlighted. Additionally, this article addresses the challenges and future directions for the development of EV-based nanomedicine approaches, aiming to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes with greater precision and efficacy while minimizing off-target effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17020257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T11:14:41Z","timestamp":1739531681000},"page":"257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Extracellular Vesicle-Based Strategies for Tumor Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9976-138X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luksika","family":"Jiramonai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Jie","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengliang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.04.017","article-title":"Emerging strategies in cancer therapy combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy","volume":"454","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v12.i3.150","article-title":"Systemic adverse effects and toxicities associated with immunotherapy: A review","volume":"12","author":"Kichloo","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. 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