{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:44:34Z","timestamp":1788349474934,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study explored the antitumor effect of Passiflora incarnata leaves\u2019 nanoformulation (N-EEP) in fibroblasts, A375 cell lines, and in vivo using Dalton\u2019s lymphoma ascites (DLA)-bearing mice. Methods: N-EEP treatment could significantly slow scratch closing in A375 cells compared to in the extract itself (EEP). Results: The hemolytic assay showed that N-EEP had less than 2% hemolysis, making the formulation highly biocompatible. In vivo N-EEP administration delayed the tumor growth rate, reduced weight gain, and increased the tumor-bearing mice\u2019s life span. Furthermore, the ascitic cells were aspirated from the tumor and investigated for various gene expressions. The tumor suppressor gene p53, which plays a significant role in the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway, was found to be elevated in animals treated with N-EEP. We assessed the cytotoxicity of isolated DLA cells from induced mice using both the trypan blue and MTT assays, while apoptotic studies were conducted using Hoechst staining. Results from the trypan blue and MTT assays indicated that nearly 80% of the cells were killed by N-EEP treatment (200 \u03bcg\/mL). Additionally, apoptosis, characterized by condensed nuclei, was observed after N-EEP treatment, confirming that one of the modes of cell death was caspase-dependent apoptosis. Conclusions: Our study suggests that N-EEP delayed the growth of DLA by upregulating p53 gene expression and inducing apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17020270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T03:47:06Z","timestamp":1739850426000},"page":"270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Inhibitory Effect of Nano-Formulated Extract of Passiflora incarnata on Dalton\u2019s Lymphoma Ascites-Bearing Swiss albino Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4441-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balasubramanian","family":"Deepika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam 603103, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7601-3832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gopalarethinam","family":"Janani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam 603103, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0985-8344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devadass","family":"Jessy Mercy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam 603103, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3655-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saranya","family":"Udayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam 603103, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnishwar","family":"Girigoswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam 603103, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1554-5241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koyeli","family":"Girigoswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam 602101, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakash, V., Bose, C., Sunilkumar, D., Cherian, R.M., Thomas, S.S., and Nair, B.G. 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