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This study investigates the anticancer potential of monoclinic silver dimolybdate nanorods (m-Ag\u2082Mo\u2082O\u2087) against aggressive breast (MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells and explores their in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior. Methods: m-Ag\u2082Mo\u2082O\u2087 nanorods were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and characterized using XRD, SEM, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assays on MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 cell lines across concentrations ranging from 1.56 to 100 \u00b5g\/mL. In vivo biodistribution and radiopharmacokinetics were assessed using technetium-99m-labeled nanorods in male Swiss rats, with gamma counting employed for tissue uptake analysis and pharmacokinetic parameter determination. Results: m-Ag\u2082Mo\u2082O\u2087 nanorods exhibited a modest cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-231 cells, with 50 \u00b5g\/mL reducing cell viability by 23.5% (p &lt; 0.05), while no significant cytotoxicity was observed in PC-3 cells. In vivo studies revealed predominant accumulation in the stomach, liver, spleen, and bladder, indicating reticuloendothelial system uptake and renal clearance. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a rapid systemic clearance (half-life ~6.76 h) and a low volume of distribution (0.0786 L), suggesting primary retention in circulation with minimal off-target diffusion. Conclusions: While m-Ag\u2082Mo\u2082O\u2087 nanorods display limited standalone cytotoxicity, their ability to induce oxidative stress and favorable pharmacokinetic profile support their potential as adjuvant agents in cancer therapy, particularly for chemoresistant breast cancers. Further studies are warranted to elucidate their molecular mechanisms, optimize combinatorial treatment strategies, and assess long-term safety in preclinical models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17030298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T10:52:47Z","timestamp":1740394367000},"page":"298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Silver Dimolybdate Nanorods: In Vitro Anticancer Activity Against Breast and Prostate Tumors and In Vivo Pharmacological Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Victor Barbosa","family":"Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9088-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Cristina","family":"Gomes-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of New Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro 21941-906, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8210-2016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana Magalh\u00e3es","family":"Reb\u00ealo Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wellington Castro","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3958-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cle\u00e2nio","family":"da Luz Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0905-481X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Santos-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of New Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro 21941-906, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Radiopharmacy and Nanoradiopharmaceuticals, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1566","article-title":"Cancer nanotechnology: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"5","author":"Ferrari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. 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