{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:28:40Z","timestamp":1791804520151,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82300929"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300929"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82470877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82470877"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82472621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472621"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82171422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171422"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82100892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82100892"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroinflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) is a primary characteristic of CNS diseases, such as Parkinson\u2019s disease, Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and mental disorders. The excessive activation of immune cells results in the massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which subsequently induce neuronal death and accelerate the progression of neurodegeneration. Therefore, mitigating excessive neuroinflammation has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of CNS diseases. Despite advancements in drug discovery and the development of novel therapeutics, the effective delivery of these agents to the CNS remains a serious challenge due to the restrictive nature of the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB). This underscores the need to develop a novel drug delivery system. Recent studies have identified oral lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as a promising approach to efficiently deliver drugs across the BBB and treat neurological diseases. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the recent advancements in the development of LNPs designed for the controlled delivery and therapeutic modulation of CNS diseases through oral administration. Furthermore, this review addresses the mechanisms by which these LNPs overcome biological barriers and evaluate their clinical implications and therapeutic efficacy in the context of oral drug delivery systems. Specifically, it focuses on LNP formulations that facilitate oral administration, exploring their potential to enhance bioavailability, improve targeting precision, and alleviate or manage the symptoms associated with a range of CNS diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17030388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T11:02:31Z","timestamp":1742295751000},"page":"388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Targeting Neuroinflammation in Central Nervous System Diseases by Oral Delivery of Lipid Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longmin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory for Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Feigin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3259","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S30919","article-title":"Neurological disorders and therapeutics targeted to surmount the blood-brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Kanwar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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