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Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood, with current treatments mainly focused on alleviating symptoms through pharmacological methods. Direct drug administration for UC often leads to poor intestinal bioavailability, suboptimal targeting, and an increased risk of resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective drug delivery systems. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are promising candidates for UC drug delivery due to their high biocompatibility, stability, and customizable properties. Oral administration, as a preferred treatment approach for UC, offers benefits such as convenience, cost-effectiveness, and better patient compliance. However, oral drug delivery systems must navigate the complex gastrointestinal tract to effectively target colonic lesions, posing significant challenges for LNP-based systems. Researchers are exploring ways to enhance oral delivery efficiency by adjusting LNP composition, surface functionalization, and coating. This article reviews recent advancements in oral LNP research aimed at improving drug delivery efficiency for UC treatment and discusses future prospects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17050547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T06:38:37Z","timestamp":1745390317000},"page":"547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Oral Lipid Nanoparticles for Improving the Efficiency of Drug Delivery Systems in Ulcerative Colitis: Recent Advances and Future Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Siyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7957-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenlin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 644000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2907-6901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dingpei","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 644000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0215-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangyin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 644000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317571","article-title":"Structural weakening of the colonic mucus barrier is an early event in ulcerative colitis pathogenesis","volume":"68","author":"Jabbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2017.03.007","article-title":"Mend your fences: The epithelial barrier and its relationship with mucosal immunity in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"4","author":"Martini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. 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