{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:39:41Z","timestamp":1779881981280,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273871"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["szbo202315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["szbo202315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Exist of Postdoctoral Research Funding Project","award":["82273871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273871"]}]},{"name":"Exist of Postdoctoral Research Funding Project","award":["szbo202315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["szbo202315"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Microneedles represent an innovative transdermal drug delivery approach, especially for protein antigens. This study aimed to develop a dual-functional, dissolvable microneedle system loaded with \u03b2-glucan and fucoidan in a hyaluronic acid matrix to achieve transdermal immunomodulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, exploring its potential in inflammatory disease management and antigen delivery. Methods: The microneedles were fabricated using a two-step casting method. Their morphology, mechanical strength, and dissolution kinetics were characterized. In vitro experiments evaluated the ROS-modulating effects on human dermal fibroblasts, while in vivo studies on C57 mice investigated immune activation and lymph node accumulation of ovalbumin antigen. Results: The microneedles exhibited a mechanical strength exceeding 7.45 N\/needle and dissolved within 50 s. \u03b2-glucan transiently reduced ROS levels at 6 h followed by a rebound, whereas fucoidan sustained ROS suppression after 12 h. In mice, \u03b2-glucan-loaded microneedles triggered local immune activation, and fucoidan-incorporated microneedles enhanced ovalbumin accumulation in lymph nodes by 2.1-fold compared to controls. Conclusions: Integrating \u03b2-glucan\u2019s immunostimulatory and fucoidan\u2019s ROS-scavenging\/lymphatic-targeting properties within a single microneedle platform offers a promising multifunctional strategy for treating inflammatory diseases and delivering protein antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17060737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T10:10:16Z","timestamp":1749031816000},"page":"737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Functionalized Polymeric Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Ovalbumin Protein Antigen"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9236-9007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Decheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nianni","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengwei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiongjian","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6564-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1504","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery","volume":"26","author":"Prausnitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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