{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:02:12Z","timestamp":1787029332757,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"North Medicine and Functional Food Characteristic Subject Project in Heilongjiang Province","award":["HLJTSXK-2022-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HLJTSXK-2022-03"]}]},{"name":"North Medicine and Functional Food Characteristic Subject Project in Heilongjiang Province","award":["LH2024H003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LH2024H003"]}]},{"name":"North Medicine and Functional Food Characteristic Subject Project in Heilongjiang Province","award":["kfkt2023-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kfkt2023-05"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HLJTSXK-2022-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HLJTSXK-2022-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LH2024H003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LH2024H003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["kfkt2023-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kfkt2023-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory Fund of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology","award":["HLJTSXK-2022-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HLJTSXK-2022-03"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory Fund of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology","award":["LH2024H003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LH2024H003"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory Fund of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology","award":["kfkt2023-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kfkt2023-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial disorder, and conventional oral berberine (BBR) suffers from poor colonic targeting. This study aimed to develop a colon-targeted microparticle system (BBR-ES MPs) based on chitosan (CS) and Eudragit S-100 to enhance BBR delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy in UC. Methods: BBR-CS nanocarriers were prepared via ionotropic gelation and coated with Eudragit S-100 to form pH\/enzyme dual-responsive MPs. Colon-targeting performance was validated through in vitro release assays. SPF-grade male KM mice (Ethics Approval No.: JMSU-2021090301) with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC were divided into normal, model, BBR, and BBR-ES MPs groups. Therapeutic outcomes were evaluated by monitoring body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, histopathology, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IL-10), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity via ELISA. Gut microbiota diversity was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: BBR-ES MP treatment significantly reduced DAI scores (p &lt; 0.01), restored colon length, downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1; p &lt; 0.05), and upregulated anti-inflammatory IL-10. Microbiota analysis revealed that the Bacteroidetes\/Firmicutes ratio, which decreased in the model group, was restored post-treatment, with alpha\/beta diversity approaching normal levels. BBR-ES MPs outperformed free BBR at equivalent doses. Conclusion: BBR-ES MPs achieved colon-targeted drug delivery via pH\/enzyme dual-responsive mechanisms, effectively alleviating UC inflammation and modulating gut dysbiosis, offering a safe and precise therapeutic strategy for UC management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17060778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T14:03:11Z","timestamp":1750082591000},"page":"778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Design and Activity Evaluation of Berberine-Loaded Dual pH and Enzyme-Sensitive Colon-Targeting Microparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4674-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlong","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiwen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanwen","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine Preparations of Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine Preparations of Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2174\/2211738505666170424122722","article-title":"Oral Nano-Delivery Systems for Colon Targeting Therapy","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. 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