{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:24:29Z","timestamp":1760059469320,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation of Sardinia (Bando Fondazione di Sardegna Annualit\u00e0 2022\u20132023)","award":["J85F22000560007","ECS00000017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J85F22000560007","ECS00000017"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University and Research PNRR\u2014Tuscany Health Ecosystem (THE)\u2014CUP I53C22000780001","award":["J85F22000560007","ECS00000017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J85F22000560007","ECS00000017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of respiratory viruses that cause respiratory illnesses ranging from mild colds to severe diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and pandemics. The nasal cavity is a primary site for CoV entry and transmission. The study aimed to prepare a novel mucoadhesive emulgel specifically formulated with simple, safe, and cost-effective excipients to create a barrier on the nasal mucosa that impedes CoV infection. This formulation strategy was specifically designed to enable rapid and straightforward in vivo translation, addressing a critical gap in preventive measures against respiratory viruses. Methods: Three emulgels, containing macadamia oil, Carbopol and different percentages of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (1, 1.2 and 1.5% (w\/v), HPMC), were properly prepared and characterized for mucoadhesion, viscosity, and spreadability. The biological activity against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in vitro on infected epithelial cells. Results: The emulgel with 1.2% HPMC demonstrated optimal physicochemical properties (mucoadhesion: 342 \u00b1 9 mN\/cm2; viscosity: 1080 \u00b1 83 cp; spreadability: 7.27 \u00b1 0.06 cm) suitable for nasal application. Importantly, in vitro biological assays demonstrated that this emulgel significantly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in epithelial cells, indicating an effective barrier to viral diffusion. Conclusions: By employing readily available, safe, and inexpensive excipients, this novel mucoadhesive emulgel offers a practical, scalable, and rapidly translatable nasal prophylactic approach to prevent early SARS-CoV-2 infection, addressing a critical unmet need in pandemic preparedness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17060795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T08:43:58Z","timestamp":1750322638000},"page":"795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nasal Emulgel\u2019s Role in Preventing Coronavirus Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0190-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Accioni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6268-8179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Rassu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5488-605X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Plicanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Retrovirus, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0787-2357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Freer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Retrovirus, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Carta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2471-1355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Giunchedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0499-9419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Gavini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, X., Xu, R., and Li, N. 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