{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:21:57Z","timestamp":1792268517052,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara","award":["14082\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14082\/2019"]}]},{"name":"\u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Doctoral School","award":["14082\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14082\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In burn injuries, wound healing effectiveness is complex and influenced significantly by the local biochemical environment and the physicochemical properties of topical preparations. pH lesions modulation can influence protection barrier integrity, inflammatory responses, and microbial colonization. Their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, of the topical formulations enriched with plant extracts have demonstrated promising results. Objective: The aim of the study was to develop and characterize topical oleogel and hydrogel formulations containing ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of medicinal plants (Boswellia serrata, Ocimum basilicum, Sambucus nigra, and Galium verum), and to evaluate the impact of their physicochemical properties, rheological behavior, in contrast with the wound pH modulation, and healing efficacy in an experimental burn model. Methods: Second-degree burns were induced uniformly on Wistar rats using the validated RAPID-3D device. All formulations were applied daily for 21 days, and wound healing was assessed through several measurements specific to the wound surface, skin temperature, pH, and, last but not least, histological analyses. Formulations\u2019 physicochemical and rheological properties, including pH, viscosity, and spreadability, were also analyzed and systematically characterized. Results: Oleogel formulations demonstrated superior wound healing performance compared to hydrogels. Formulations containing Boswellia serrata and Ocimum basilicum extracts significantly reduced wound size, inflammation, and melanin production by days 9 and 21 (p &lt; 0.05). The beneficial outcomes correlated strongly with formulation acidity (pH &lt; 6), high viscosity, and enhanced thixotropic behavior, indicating improved adherence and sustained bioactive compound release. Histological evaluations confirmed enhanced epithelialization and reduced inflammation. Conclusions: Particularly Boswellia serrata and Ocimum basilicum in oleogel formulations in ethanolic solvent effectively modulated wound pH, enhanced topical adherence, and improved burn wound healing. These findings highlight their potential clinical application and justify further clinical investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17070853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:46:12Z","timestamp":1751438772000},"page":"853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Optimizing Burn Wound Healing: The Critical Role of pH and Rheological Behavior in Plant-Derived Topical Formulations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Oana-Janina","family":"Ro\u0219ca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Discipline of Clinical Practical Skills, Department I Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0555-2978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgeta-Hermina","family":"Coneac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Formulation and Technology of Drug Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3378-0774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana","family":"Racoviceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Design (X-Pharm Design) Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6215-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Nistor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Department, University Hospital UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana-Viorica","family":"Olariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Formulation and Technology of Drug Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Cotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Formulation and Technology of Drug Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Negrea-Ghiulai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Design (X-Pharm Design) Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina Adriana","family":"Dehelean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavinia Lia","family":"Vlaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Formulation and Technology of Drug Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Codru\u021ba Marinela","family":"\u0218oica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Design (X-Pharm Design) Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"661","article-title":"Recent Trends on Wound Management: New Therapeutic Choices Based on Polymeric Carriers","volume":"15","author":"Okur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J. 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