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China","award":["81727804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81727804"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Program Project of Drug Regulatory Science, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Products Administration, China","award":["91859204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91859204"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Program Project of Drug Regulatory Science, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Products Administration, China","award":["81729002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81729002"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Program Project of Drug Regulatory Science, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Products Administration, China","award":["82230070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82230070"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Program Project of Drug Regulatory Science, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Products Administration, China","award":["BK20200083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20200083"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Program Project of Drug Regulatory Science, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Products Administration, China","award":["202302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevalent form of alopecia areata. Traditional treatment options, including minoxidil, finasteride, and hair transplantation, have their limitations, such as skin irritation, systemic side effects, invasiveness, and high costs. The transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) offers an innovative approach for treating AGA by administering medications through the skin to achieve localized and efficient delivery while overcoming the skin barrier. This review systematically explores the application of TDDS in AGA treatment, highlighting emerging technologies such as microneedles (MNs), liposomes, ionic liquids (ILs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and transporters (TFs). It analyzes the underlying mechanisms that enhance drug penetration through hair follicles. Finally, this review presents a forward-looking perspective on the future use of TDDS in the management of AGA, aiming to provide insights and references for designing effective transdermal drug delivery systems for this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17080984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:29:02Z","timestamp":1753885742000},"page":"984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Advances in Transdermal Delivery Systems for Treating Androgenetic Alopecia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shilong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haodong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, Jiangsu Institute for Drug Control, Nanjing 210019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1951.tb31971.x","article-title":"Patterned Loss of Hair in Man: Types and Incidence","volume":"53","author":"Hamilton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. 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