{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T20:05:43Z","timestamp":1787947543129,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Infectious endophthalmitis is a vision-threatening complication of intraocular surgery and intravitreal injections. Standard treatment involves intravitreal antibiotics; however, concerns regarding multidrug resistance and vancomycin-associated hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis (HORV) highlight the need for alternative antimicrobial strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a protocol combining intravitreal injection of 1.25% povidone-iodine (PI) with intraoperative irrigation using low concentrations of vancomycin and ceftazidime. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 11 eyes from patients diagnosed with postoperative or injection-related endophthalmitis. Six of the eleven cases received an initial intravitreal injection of 1.25% PI, followed by pars plana vitrectomy with irrigation using balanced salt solution PLUS containing vancomycin (20 \u03bcg\/mL) and ceftazidime (40 \u03bcg\/mL). A second intravitreal PI injection was administered at the end of surgery in all cases. Additional PI injections were administered postoperatively based on clinical response. Clinical outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), microbial culture results, corneal endothelial cell density, and visual field testing. Results: All eyes achieved complete infection resolution without recurrence. The mean BCVA improved significantly from 2.18 logMAR at baseline to 0.296 logMAR at final follow-up (p &lt; 0.001). No adverse events were observed on specular microscopy or visual field assessment. The protocol was well tolerated, and repeated PI injections showed no signs of ocular toxicity. Conclusions: This combination protocol provides a safe and effective treatment strategy for infectious endophthalmitis. It enables rapid and complete infection resolution while minimizing the risks associated with intravitreal antibiotics. These findings support further investigation of this protocol as a practical and globally accessible alternative to standard intravitreal antimicrobial therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17080995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T12:15:40Z","timestamp":1754568940000},"page":"995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intravitreal Povidone-Iodine Injection and Low-Dose Antibiotic Irrigation for Infectious Endophthalmitis: A Retrospective Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Machida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Nakashizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Onoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yorihisa","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misato","family":"Yamakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wakatsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3323-4148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryusaburo","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8298-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan"},{"name":"Miyahara Eye Clinic, Saitama 330-0854, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2023.2165111","article-title":"Risk Factors for Legal Blindness in 237 Japanese Patients with Exogenous Endophthalmitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study from J-CREST","volume":"32","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocul. 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