{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:28:10Z","timestamp":1790191690285,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22404062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22404062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer continues to pose a significant threat to human health. While early diagnosis has improved survival rates for many cancer patients, a substantial number still do not achieve the desired treatment outcomes. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel therapeutic approaches for tumor management. Second near-infrared window photothermal therapy has garnered considerable attention from researchers due to its effective tumor-killing capabilities and minimal side effects. This review commences by summarizing the advancements in second near-infrared photothermal agents, alongside an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various photothermal agents. Subsequently, we highlight the benefits of combining photothermal therapy with other treatment modalities. Finally, we present a compilation of reports detailing the application of photothermal therapy in the treatment of various tumor types in clinical settings. In the conclusion, we underscore the challenges and potential research directions associated with photothermal therapy. Our article aims to facilitate interdisciplinary research in the fields of nanomedicine and clinical medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17091178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T10:27:12Z","timestamp":1757500032000},"page":"1178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Advances in Second Near-Infrared Window Photothermal Agents and Photothermal Therapy for Tumors in Interdisciplinary Medical Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Runxuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4790-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuxi","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Vos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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