{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T21:56:40Z","timestamp":1775685400574,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Enteric coating protects active pharmaceutical ingredients from gastric degradation, but conventional tablets may present swallowing difficulties in geriatric and pediatric patients. Hence, this study intended to develop pH-responsive multiparticulates, formulated into orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs), for targeted intestinal drug delivery in individuals with dysphagia. Methods: Multiparticulates were developed via sequential seal coating, drug layering, sub-coating, and enteric coating on inert cores using a fluidized bed coater (Pam Glatt, India; bottom spray). Selected enteric-coated batches were directly compressed into ODTs using microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH102) and mannitol (Pearlitol SD 160) as fillers, with Explotab\u00ae, Ac-Di-Sol\u00ae, or crospovidone M\u00ae as superdisintegrants. Results: Multiparticulates exhibited mean diameters of 197.671\u2013529.511 \u03bcm and span values of 0.603\u20130.838. Span value &lt; 1, indicating a narrow size distribution. Electron microscopy confirmed the spherical morphology of Batches 7a and b. Enteric-coated batches (5b, 6, 7a, 7b) released \u226410% of the drug in 0.1 N HCl at 2 h. Optimized formulation ODT 7b released 7.904% of the drug under gastric conditions and 79.749% in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) within 2.5 h, following first-order drug release kinetics. ODT 7b demonstrated hardness (2.538 \u00b1 0.144 kg\/cm2), wetting time (11.17 \u00b1 1.051 s), friability (0.712%), and drug content (99.81 \u00b1 1.01%) within acceptable limits. Conclusions: The pH-dependent multiparticulates provided sustained intestinal drug release and, when incorporated into ODTs, yielded a dosage form with a rapid wetting time and acceptable mechanical properties. This dosage form can offer a promising approach for improving compliance and therapeutic efficacy in patients with swallowing difficulties (dysphagia).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17091187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T12:08:16Z","timestamp":1757678896000},"page":"1187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of pH-Sensitive Multiparticulates for Orally Disintegrating Tablets of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Physicochemical Characterization and Drug Release Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mahendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, School of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6157-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Punna Reddy","family":"Ullapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin 17073, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-7366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arokia Vijaya Anand","family":"Mariadoss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mohanbabu University, Tirupati 517102, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6859-0850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satyender","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5216-5494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Gu","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, School of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2060-1069","article-title":"S2k-Leitlinie Gastro\u00f6sophageale Refluxkrankheit Und Eosinophile \u00d6sophagitis Der Deutschen Gesellschaft F\u00fcr Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs-Und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS)\u2013M\u00e4rz 2023\u2013AWMF-Registernummer: 021\u2013013","volume":"61","author":"Madisch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Z. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15502","article-title":"25 Years of Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"11","author":"Strand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.10.007","article-title":"The Appropriate Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Need for a Reappraisal","volume":"37","author":"Savarino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13763","article-title":"Dermatologic Adverse Reactions to Proton-pump Inhibitors: A Synthetized Review","volume":"20","author":"Salloum","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e070752","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070752","article-title":"Proton Pump Inhibitors","volume":"383","author":"Jenkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200363010-00006","article-title":"Pantoprazole: An Update of Its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Use in the Management of Acid-Related Disorders","volume":"63","author":"Cheer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.2478\/acph-2018-0035","article-title":"Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Aqueous Dispersion for Enteric Coating of Pantoprazole Sodium Pellets","volume":"68","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharm."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srebro, J., Brniak, W., and Mendyk, A. (2022). Formulation of Dosage Forms with Proton Pump Inhibitors: State of the Art, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102043"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1571","article-title":"An Update Overview of Recent Advances on Formulation Development for Colon Targeting","volume":"11","author":"Kumari","year":"2020","journal-title":"IJPSR"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v7i3.14692","article-title":"Multiparticulate Drug Delivery Systems for Controlled Release","volume":"7","author":"Dey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"335","article-title":"Formulation and characterization of sustained-release pellets of an anti-inflammatory drug encapsulated in hard gelatin capsules","volume":"25","author":"Sushma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Arch."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.47583\/ijpsrr.2023.v82i02.004","article-title":"A Review on Colon Drug Delivery Systems","volume":"82","author":"Geetha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komanduri, N., Almutairi, M., Elkanayati, R.M., Dumpa, N., Butreddy, A., Bandari, S., and Repka, M.A. (2025). Kollicoat\u00ae Smartseal 100P for Developing Theophylline Pellets: Exploring Taste-Masking Potential for Pediatric Applications. Pharmaceutics, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17040413"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.12.074","article-title":"Advances in Orally-Delivered PH-Sensitive Nanocarrier Systems; an Optimistic Approach for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"558","author":"Zeeshan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9276","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB01579C","article-title":"The Role of Eudragit\u00ae as a Component of Hydrogel Formulations for Medical Devices","volume":"11","author":"Sonzogni","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.04.019","article-title":"Accelerating the Dissolution of Enteric Coatings in the Upper Small Intestine: Evolution of a Novel PH 5.6 Bicarbonate Buffer System to Assess Drug Release","volume":"468","author":"Varum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2013.736962","article-title":"Eudragit\u00ae: A Technology Evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Thakral","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c20-00941","article-title":"Preparation of Novel Functional Drug Particles Embedded in a Gelling\u2013Swelling Layer (PEGS) for Taste Masking and Subsequent Rapid Drug Release","volume":"69","author":"Ijitsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dehghani, F., and Farhadian, N. (2023). Encapsulation: Fluidized Bed Coating Technology. Principles of Biomaterials Encapsulation: Volume One, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-85947-9.00012-1"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salawi, A. (2022). Pharmaceutical Coating and Its Different Approaches, a Review. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14163318"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/02652048.2023.2209639","article-title":"Development of Taste-Masking Microcapsules Containing Azithromycin by Fluid Bed Coating for Powder for Suspension and in Vivo Evaluation","volume":"40","author":"Dung","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"97","article-title":"Dysphagia: Evaluation and Collaborative Management","volume":"103","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9696-8","article-title":"Effect of Bolus Viscosity on the Safety and Efficacy of Swallowing and the Kinematics of the Swallow Response in Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: White Paper by the European Society for Swallowing Disorders (ESSD)","volume":"31","author":"Newman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"784","article-title":"Dysphagia in the Elderly","volume":"9","author":"Aslam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abou-Elsaad, T., Alvarez, C.P., Bader, C.-A., Baert, F., Bohlender, J.E., Denk-Linnert, D.-M., Farahat, M., Korim, \u017d., Kummer, P., and Mesallam, T. (2025). 30 Rehabilitation and Prognosis of Dysphagia. Phoniatrics III: Acquired Motor Speech and Language Disorders\u2013Dysphagia\u2013Phoniatrics and COVID-19, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-48091-1_15"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08027-8","article-title":"Dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019 s Disease. A 5-Year Follow-up Study","volume":"46","author":"Cosgaya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-022-10472-y","article-title":"Dysphagia Presentation, Airway Invasion, and Gender Differences in a Clinically Based Sample of People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"38","author":"Dumican","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10739-8","article-title":"A Multinational Consensus on Dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Screening, Diagnosis and Prognostic Value","volume":"269","author":"Cosentino","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-017-9831-1","article-title":"Critical Dysphagia Is Common in Parkinson Disease and Occurs Even in Early Stages: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"33","author":"Pflug","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/20415990.2024.2445501","article-title":"Next-Generation Pharmaceuticals: The Rise of Sildenafil Citrate ODF for the Treatment of Men with Erectile Dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"Jannini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ther. Deliv."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Orally Disintegrating Tablets of Tadalafil and Dapoxetine HCl Prepared by Direct Compression and Freeze-Drying Techniques with Taste Masking of Dapoxetine HCl","volume":"18","author":"Bustani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharm. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maheshwari, R., Todke, P., Kuche, K., Raval, N., and Tekade, R.K. (2018). Micromeritics in Pharmaceutical Product Development. Dosage Form Design Considerations, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814423-7.00017-4"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57212","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA07197F","article-title":"Understanding Empirical Powder Flowability Criteria Scaled by Hausner Ratio or Carr Index with the Analogous Viscosity Concept","volume":"5","author":"Hao","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"217","article-title":"Kinetic Modeling on Drug Release from Controlled Drug Delivery Systems","volume":"67","author":"Dash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Pol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"54","article-title":"Formulation of Desloratadine Oral Disintegrating Tablets","volume":"4","author":"Etman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3169-y","article-title":"Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of Semicrystalline Polymers","volume":"395","author":"Schick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2025.2469800","article-title":"An Evaluation of the Effect of Aging on the Quality Attributes of Orodispersible Tablets Prepared by the Direct Compression Technique","volume":"51","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2007.11.011","article-title":"Fast Dispersible\/Slow Releasing Ibuprofen Tablets","volume":"69","author":"Fini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talevi, A., and Ruiz, M.E. (2024). Drug Release. ADME Processes in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Dosage, Design, and Pharmacotherapy, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-50419-8"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray, P., Ferraro, M., Haag, R., and Quadir, M. (2019). Dendritic Polyglycerol-derived Nano-architectures as Delivery Platforms of Gemcitabine for Pancreatic Cancer. Macromol. Biosci., 19.","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201900073"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1039\/C7BM00729A","article-title":"Defined PH-Sensitive Nanogels as Gene Delivery Platform for SiRNA Mediated in Vitro Gene Silencing","volume":"5","author":"Dimde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.03.019","article-title":"Compression of Pellets Coated with Various Aqueous Polymer Dispersions","volume":"279","author":"Dashevsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.09.047","article-title":"Mechanical Properties of Excipients Do Not Affect Polymer Matrix Formation","volume":"384","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2013.01.011","article-title":"Formulation of Immediate Release Pellets Containing Famotidine Solid Dispersions","volume":"22","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.11.057","article-title":"Evaluation of the Coat Quality of Sustained Release Pellets by Individual Pellet Dissolution Methodology","volume":"478","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(93)90230-D","article-title":"Process Variables of Instant Granulator and Spheroniser: III. Shape and Shape Distributions of Pellets","volume":"96","author":"Yliruusi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v24.i1.10","article-title":"Pharmaceutical Approaches to Preparing Pelletized Dosage Forms Using the Extrusion-Spheronization Process","volume":"24","author":"Trivedi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"2","article-title":"Pharmaceutical Pellets: Definition, Properties, Production","volume":"15","author":"Knop","year":"2005","journal-title":"Excip. Act. Pharma"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e08956","article-title":"Quality Aspects in the Development of Pelletized Dosage Forms","volume":"8","author":"Agrawal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(97)00355-4","article-title":"Effect of Pellet Size on Degree of Deformation and Densification during Compression and on Compactability of Microcrystalline Cellulose Pellets","volume":"163","author":"Johansson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"684","article-title":"Extrusion\u2013Spheronization a Promising Pelletization Technique: In-Depth Review","volume":"11","author":"Muley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4333\/KPS.2010.40.S.103","article-title":"Controlled-Release Pelletized Dosage Forms Using the Extrusion-Spheronization Process","volume":"40","author":"Rhee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Investig."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2019.05.032","article-title":"Powders Flowability Assessment in Granular Compaction: What about the Consistency of Hausner Ratio?","volume":"354","author":"Saker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"43","article-title":"Dissolution Testing of Poorly Soluble Compounds","volume":"28","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharm. Tech."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afonso Urich, J.A., Fedorko, A., H\u00f6lzer, B., and Khinast, J. (2023). Evidence of Reliable Gastro-Resistance of Novel Enteric Ready-to-Fill Capsules Simplifying Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15112592"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c24-00608","article-title":"Enteric Microcapsules Encapsulation of Roxithromycin-PVP Composite Core Particles to Inhibit Drug Crystallization upon Fluidized Bed Method for Oral Administration","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(83)90064-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of Solute Release from Porous Hydrophilic Polymers","volume":"15","author":"Korsmeyer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.02.030","article-title":"Comparative Effects of Different Cellulosic-Based Directly Compressed Orodispersable Tablets on Oral Bioavailability of Famotidine","volume":"77","author":"Abdelbary","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almotairi, N., Mahrous, G.M., Al-Suwayeh, S., and Kazi, M. (2022). Design and Optimization of Lornoxicam Dispersible Tablets Using Quality by Design (QbD) Approach. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15121463"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"1208","article-title":"A Study On Feasibility Of Optimization Technique In Formulation Of Dispersible Tablets By Factorial Design","volume":"5","author":"Ugandar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-1483.100021","article-title":"Effect of a Disintegration Mechanism on Wetting, Water Absorption, and Disintegration Time of Orodispersible Tablets","volume":"4","author":"Pabari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Young Pharm."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2024.106801","article-title":"Testing the Disintegration and Texture-Related Palatability Predictions for Orodispersible Tablets Using an Instrumental Tool Coupled with Multivariate Analysis: Focus on Process Variables and Analysis Settings","volume":"198","author":"Iovanov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2015.12.019","article-title":"Review of Disintegrants and the Disintegration Phenomena","volume":"105","author":"Desai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/17\/9\/1187\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:44:39Z","timestamp":1760035479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/17\/9\/1187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics17091187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics17091187","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]}}}