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Malignant neoplasms in children include leukemias. The main types are B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Treatments are expensive, which is a particular problem in low-income countries. The main objective of this work was to develop specific nanosystems with small amounts of drug, allowing for affordable treatments. To this end, we designed ternary gold nanosystems (Au@16-Ph-16\/DNA\u2013Dauno) composed of daunomycin, a DNA biopolymer as a stabilizer, and the cationic surfactant gemini (TG) as a compacting agent for the DNA\u2013daunomycin complex. Methods: Fluorescence, UV\u2013visible, and CD spectroscopy, DLS and zeta potential, cell viability assays, TEM, AFM, and confocal microscopy were used to characterize and optimize nanocomposites. Results: The nanoparticles (Au@TG) obtained were small, stable, and highly charged in solution, allowing for optimal absorption and efficacy, capable of inducing the aggregation of the ternary nanosystem upon entering the cell, further enhancing its anticancer effect. Using nanoparticles, treatments can be redirected to the site of action, increasing the solubility and stability of the drug, minimizing the side effects of traditional treatments, and helping to overcome resistance to chemotherapy Conclusions: A significant decrease in the growth of pediatric B-ALL-derived cell lines (SEM and SUP-B15), constituting a potential and more affordable therapy for this type of pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17091236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T17:08:17Z","timestamp":1758560897000},"page":"1236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Daunomycin Nanocarriers with High Therapeutic Payload for the Treatment of Childhood Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9495-1047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa M.","family":"Gir\u00e1ldez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1397-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elia M.","family":"Grueso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio J.","family":"Montero-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Muriana-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Kuliszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemtra, 47-300 Krapkowize, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-1913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal M.","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5959-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Prado-Gotor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30186-9","article-title":"International Incidence of Childhood Cancer, 2001\u20132010: A Population-Based Registry Study","volume":"18","author":"Colombet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020). 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