{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:44:20Z","timestamp":1790948660157,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["PNURSP2025R340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R340"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: PEGylated zein nanoparticles (PZNs) loaded with losartan potassium (LOS) were developed as a repurposed treatment for vaginal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. PZNs were prepared using the ethanol injection method with different types and amounts of Brij\u00ae surfactant. Methods: The prepared formulations were optimized using a D-optimal mixture design via Design-Expert\u00ae software version 13. The assessed responses included entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), and zeta potential (ZP). Results: The optimized PZNs, composed of 30 mg Brij\u00ae O20 and 10 mg zein, exhibited spherical particles with an EE% of 90.58 \u00b1 1.20%, PS of 200.81 \u00b1 1.39 nm, PDI of 0.395 \u00b1 0.01, and ZP of \u221236.59 \u00b1 0.05 mV. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed complete deposition of fluorescein-labeled PZNs within vaginal tissues. Ex vivo studies showed that PZNs resulted in prolonged permeation of LOS compared to the LOS solution. In a murine model of MRSA infection, the optimized PZNs demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy over the LOS solution. Histopathological examinations confirmed the safety of the tested formulations. Conclusions: In conclusion, the optimized PZNs present a promising approach for the treatment of MRSA-related vaginal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17101344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T08:18:54Z","timestamp":1760948334000},"page":"1344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Advanced Vaginal Nanodelivery of Losartan Potassium via PEGylated Zein Nanoparticles for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rofida","family":"Albash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12585, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7972-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Suez 43511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3635-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Agiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haneen Waleed","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12585, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4906-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Safwat","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12585, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roaa Mohamed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12585, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8179-1602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yara E.","family":"Shalabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12585, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hend Mahmoud Abdelaziz","family":"Omran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12585, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5918-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moaz A.","family":"Eltabeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12585, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1776-9249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawaher Abdullah","family":"Alamoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6286-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asmaa","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. 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