{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:17:28Z","timestamp":1788887848570,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jerome Lejeune Foundation"},{"name":"KU Leuven BOF","award":["C24\/17\/061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C24\/17\/061"]}]},{"name":"Marie-Marguerite Delacroix Foundation"},{"name":"FWO-SB fellowship","award":["1186121N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1186121N"]}]},{"name":"FWO-SB fellowship","award":["1S20420N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S20420N"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases are leading comorbidities n individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Although clinically well described, preclinical models fully characterizing these cardiopulmonary alterations are lacking. Our objective is to characterize the cardiopulmonary and immunological phenotype in a commonly used DS mouse model, the Ts65Dn mice, and investigate the modulatory effects of green tea extract enriched in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (GTE-EGCG); Methods: Treatment started at embryonic day 9 and continued until postnatal day (PD) 180. Mice were longitudinally monitored using micro-computed tomography, and structural, functional, and immunological alterations were evaluated at PD210 to determine the persistent effects of GTE-EGCG administration; Results: Ts65Dn mice displayed normal structural lung development and presented with right ventricular hypertrophy and reduced B-cell lymphocytes, indicating that this model may find applications in immunological respiratory research specific to the context of DS. GTE-EGCG administration induced transient lung immaturity, persistent decreases in lung function, and airway hyperreactivity, while normalizing arterial and right ventricular morphology and partially restoring B-cell lymphocyte numbers; Conclusions: These findings underscore the dual nature of EGCG modulation, both beneficial and adverse, and highlight the importance of a multiorgan, holistic approach when evaluating therapeutic interventions in DS models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17111366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1761182042000},"page":"1366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cardiopulmonary and Immune Alterations in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Modulation by Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate-Enriched Green Tea Extract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1775-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birger","family":"Tielemans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Llambrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9562-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Seldeslachts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-8217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Cremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung Chang","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4943-892X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Charlotte","family":"Jonckheere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora Fopke","family":"Marain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Biomedical Imaging Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Wouters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Herzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Biomedical Imaging Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Leszczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-034 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Verbeken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphology and Molecular Pathology Section, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5508-3518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen","family":"Vanoirbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5633-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greetje","family":"Vande Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potier, M.-C., and Reeves, R.H. 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