{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T18:51:01Z","timestamp":1779216661644,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":300,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone diseases such as osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma, and osteoarthritis, as well as conditions caused by metabolic imbalances, including osteoporosis, require more efficient and optimized therapies. Systemic drug administration entails major disadvantages like cytotoxicity and adverse reactions, which can lead to serious complications or death. Therefore, local drug administration alternatives are currently under investigation for different pharmacological therapies. New vectors were created to improve control over administration, and 3D-printed and patient-specific drug delivery systems have been tested, revealing great potential. Moreover, 3D-printed platforms that mimic human tissues for drug testing are innovative solutions emerging for the pharmaceutical industry. Situated between in vitro and in vivo testing on human patients, they offer the advantage of reproducing functional architecture, providing results that are closer to those encountered in clinical trials performed on patients. In our article, we present the two categories of 3D systems, from the perspective of main drug groups (antibiotics, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory) as well as other categories, alongside their advantages, limitations, and their adaptations to 3D printing technologies. This article also highlights the technological drawbacks encountered in both delivery and screening systems, as well as the printing methods and materials used, including their physical and biological properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17111372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:47:36Z","timestamp":1761266856000},"page":"1372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advances in 3D-Printed Drug Delivery and Screening Platforms for Bone Disease Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3270-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iosif-Aliodor","family":"Timofticiuc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cFoisor\u201d Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex-Gabriel","family":"Grigore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cFoisor\u201d Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1414-0411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena-Teodora","family":"Tomescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teona-Maria","family":"Vlaicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7403-1684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serban","family":"Dragosloveanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, \u201cFoisor\u201d Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3360-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea-Elena","family":"Scheau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, \u201cFoisor\u201d Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4200-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Caruntu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cTitu Maiorescu\u201d University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiana Diana Maria","family":"Dragosloveanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Dentistry, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7282-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Anca","family":"Badarau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2915-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea Cristiana","family":"Didilescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Embryology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantin","family":"Caruntu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, \u201cProf. N.C. Paulescu,\u201d National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7676-6393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Scheau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, The \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, \u201cFoisor\u201d Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S., Chen, X., Han, X., Hong, X., Li, X., Zhang, H., Li, M., Wang, Z., and Zheng, A. (2023). A Review of 3D Printing Technology in Pharmaceutics: Technology and Applications, Now and Future. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020416"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"100159","article-title":"Additive manufacturing technologies with emphasis on stereolithography 3D printing in pharmaceutical and medical applications: A review","volume":"5","author":"Lakkala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. X"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarmah, P., and Gupta, K. (2024). Recent Advancements in Fabrication of Metal Matrix Composites: A Systematic Review. Materials, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17184635"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27328","article-title":"Unlocking the future of precision manufacturing: A comprehensive exploration of 3D printing with fiber-reinforced composites in aerospace, automotive, medical, and consumer industries","volume":"10","author":"Tuli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanojevi\u0107, G., Medarevi\u0107, D., Adamov, I., Pe\u0161i\u0107, N., Kova\u010devi\u0107, J., and Ibri\u0107, S. (2021). Tailoring Atomoxetine Release Rate from DLP 3D-Printed Tablets Using Artificial Neural Networks: Influence of Tablet Thickness and Drug Loading. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26010111"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"5029","article-title":"Pharmaceutical Product Development Exploiting 3D Printing Technology: Conventional to Novel Drug Delivery System","volume":"24","author":"Ayesha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-020-01905-8","article-title":"3D Printing as a Promising Tool in Personalized Medicine","volume":"22","author":"Vaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1640-4","article-title":"3D Printing of Tissue Engineered Constructs for In Vitro Modeling of Disease Progression and Drug Screening","volume":"45","author":"Vanderburgh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847554","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.847554","article-title":"3D Tissue-Engineered Vascular Drug Screening Platforms: Promise and Considerations","volume":"9","author":"Marei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05531-5","article-title":"A fully 3D-printed versatile tumor-on-a-chip allows multi-drug screening and correlation with clinical outcomes for personalized medicine","volume":"6","author":"Steinberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011302","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5056188","article-title":"3D bioprinting for high-throughput screening: Drug screening, disease modeling, and precision medicine applications","volume":"6","author":"Mazzocchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2024.07.013","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing in orthopaedic surgery: A review of current and future applications","volume":"59","author":"Thiruchandran","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u0103dil\u0103, A.E., R\u0103dulescu, D.M., Niculescu, A.G., Grumezescu, A.M., R\u0103dulescu, M., and R\u0103dulescu, A.R. (2021). Recent Advances in the Treatment of Bone Metastases and Primary Bone Tumors: An Up-to-Date Review. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164229"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101992","article-title":"Challenges in osteoarthritis treatment","volume":"80","author":"Emami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-022-01222-6","article-title":"Bone regeneration in osteoporosis: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.51335\/organoid.2024.4.e4","article-title":"Mimicking microbone tissue by 3-dimensional printing","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Organoid"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-024-00612-2","article-title":"Recent advances in drug delivery systems for osteosarcoma therapy and bone regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Kortam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Gopi, S., Amalraj, A., Kunnumakkara, A., and Thomas, S. (2021). 11\u2014Smart drug delivery systems of natural products for inflammation: From fundamentals to the clinic. Inflammation and Natural Products, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Codrea, C.I., and Fruth, V. (2025). Three-Dimensionally Printed Scaffolds and Drug Delivery Systems in Treatment of Osteoporosis. Biomimetics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics10070429"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.06.010","article-title":"Intrinsic parameters for the synthesis and tuned properties of amphiphilic chitosan drug delivery nanocarriers","volume":"260","author":"Motiei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.05.032","article-title":"Solid lipid nanoparticles for hydrophilic drugs","volume":"335","author":"Mirchandani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.03.022","article-title":"Polymeric drug delivery systems by additive manufacturing","volume":"173","author":"Borandeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1007\/s42235-025-00739-z","article-title":"Innovative Drug Delivery Systems in Bone Regeneration: Benefits and Applications in Tissue Engineering","volume":"22","author":"Farjaminejad","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Bionic Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199343","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1199343","article-title":"PLGA-based drug delivery systems in treating bone tumors","volume":"11","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialsau.3c00032","article-title":"Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Drug\/Gene Delivery: An Overview of the Production Techniques and Difficulties Encountered in Their Industrial Development","volume":"3","author":"Mehta","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Au"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2025.113603","article-title":"Advances in mesoporous silica nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery and other biomedical applications","volume":"391","author":"Grini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100501","article-title":"Preparation and application of calcium phosphate nanocarriers in drug delivery","volume":"17","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, L., Tao, G., Feng, M., Xie, Y., Cai, S., Peng, S., and Xiao, J. (2023). Hydrogel Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Regeneration. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15051334"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1021\/accountsmr.3c00263","article-title":"Beyond Drug Delivery: Metal\u2013Organic Framework-Derived Nanosystems for Bone Regeneration under Complicated Pathological Microenvironments","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acc. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borges, R., Pelosine, A.M., de Souza, A.C.S., Machado, J., Justo, G.Z., Gamarra, L.F., and Marchi, J. (2022). Bioactive Glasses as Carriers of Cancer-Targeted Drugs: Challenges and Opportunities in Bone Cancer Treatment. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15249082"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-022-00466-9","article-title":"Human organs-on-chips for disease modelling, drug development and personalized medicine","volume":"23","author":"Ingber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15045","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15045","article-title":"Bone-in-culture array as a platform to model early-stage bone metastases and discover anti-metastasis therapies","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10313","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10313","article-title":"A high-throughput biomimetic bone-on-a-chip platform with artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis for osteoporosis drug testing","volume":"8","author":"Paek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.01.004","article-title":"Mini-bones: Miniaturized bone in vitro models","volume":"42","author":"Fois","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"169","article-title":"Fabrication of a hydroxyapatite-PDMS microfluidic chip for bone-related cell culture and drug screening","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Qiu, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, G.G.Z., Yu, L., and Mantri, R.V. (2017). Chapter 33\u2014Development, Optimization, and Scale-Up of Process Parameters: Tablet Compression. Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms, Academic Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.15171\/bi.2015.04","article-title":"Granulation techniques and technologies: Recent progresses","volume":"5","author":"Shanmugam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioimpacts"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Adejare, A. (2021). Chapter 27\u2014Coating of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Remington, Academic Press. [23rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2022.02.558","article-title":"A review on 3D printing: An additive manufacturing technology","volume":"62","author":"Jadhav","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gail Kim, R., Abisado, M., Villaverde, J., and Sampedro, G. (2023). A Survey of Image-Based Fault Monitoring in Additive Manufacturing: Recent Developments and Future Directions. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23156821"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2018.02.012","article-title":"Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges","volume":"143","author":"Ngo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Branz, F., Cappelletti, C., Ricco, A.J., and Hines, J.W. (2023). 7\u2014Additive manufacturing for CubeSat structure fabrication. Next Generation CubeSats and SmallSats, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bprint.2022.e00239","article-title":"3D bioprinting for the repair of articular cartilage and osteochondral tissue","volume":"28","author":"Chartrain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioprinting"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12685","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-022-07361-y","article-title":"Progress in 3D printing for bone tissue engineering: A review","volume":"57","author":"Lan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"104636","article-title":"Material extrusion 3D printing of bioactive smart scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","volume":"98","author":"Sabahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"103829","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of re-entrant structures: Well-tailored structures, unique properties, modelling approaches and real applications","volume":"78","author":"Nugroho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2014.02.038","article-title":"Mechanical Properties of Components Fabricated with Open-Source 3-D Printers Under Realistic Environmental Conditions","volume":"58","author":"Tymrak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2023.101764","article-title":"Recyclable\/degradable materials via the insertion of labile\/cleavable bonds using a comonomer approach","volume":"147","author":"Lefay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Hashmi, S. (2024). 13.18\u2014Recent advances in additive manufacturing techniques: An in-depth review. Comprehensive Materials Processing, Elsevier. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2021.09.088","article-title":"Review on machining of additively manufactured nickel and titanium alloys","volume":"15","author":"Khanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2022.101529","article-title":"Novel monomers for photopolymer networks","volume":"128","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2023.111885","article-title":"Recent advances in biofabrication strategies based on bioprinting for vascularized tissue repair and regeneration","volume":"229","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Lanza, R., Langer, R., Vacanti, J.P., and Atala, A. (2020). Chapter 74\u2014Three-dimensional bioprinting for tissue engineering. Principles of Tissue Engineering, Academic Press. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2023.112064","article-title":"Ceramic materials for 3D printing of biomimetic bone scaffolds\u2014Current state-of-the-art & future perspectives","volume":"231","author":"Budharaju","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"44","article-title":"Mechanical characterization of 3D-printed polymers","volume":"20","author":"Dizon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bprint.2022.e00230","article-title":"Application of 3D printing & 3D bioprinting for promoting cutaneous wound regeneration","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioprinting"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H.Z. (2022). Chapter 6\u2014Beyond metals and alloys: Additive friction stir deposition of metal matrix composites. Additive Friction Stir Deposition, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-824374-9.00007-1"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mee.2022.111874","article-title":"4D printing: A detailed review of materials, techniques, and applications","volume":"265","author":"Joharji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microelectron. Eng."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2022.12.063","article-title":"An insight from nature: Honeycomb pattern in advanced structural design for impact energy absorption","volume":"22","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Hashmi, S. (2024). 13.03\u2014Overview of additive manufacturing and applications of 3D printed composites. Comprehensive Materials Processing, Elsevier. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Khan, A.S., and Chaudhry, A.A. (2020). 15\u2014Three-dimensional printing of hydroxyapatite. Handbook of Ionic Substituted Hydroxyapatites, Woodhead Publishing."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2023.100745","article-title":"Programmable multi-physical mechanics of mechanical metamaterials","volume":"155","author":"Sinha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Dodiuk, H. (2022). Chapter 23\u20143D printing. Handbook of Thermoset Plastics, William Andrew Publishing. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"102802","article-title":"Magnesium role in additive manufacturing of biomedical implants\u2014Challenges and opportunities","volume":"55","author":"V","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"44","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys","volume":"5","author":"Karunakaran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caballero, F.G. (2022). Binder Jet-Metals. Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819726-4.09005-0"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbe.2020.01.015","article-title":"A review of fabrication polymer scaffolds for biomedical applications using additive manufacturing techniques","volume":"40","author":"Detyna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biocybern. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2020.05.131","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of zirconia ceramics: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2023.08.072","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of porous magnesium alloys for biodegradable orthopedic implants: Process, design, and modification","volume":"182","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Pouzada, A.S. (2021). Chapter 7\u2014Designing for additive manufacturing. Design and Manufacturing of Plastics Products, William Andrew Publishing."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2017.02.004","article-title":"Fundamentals and applications of 3D printing for novel materials","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.04.012","article-title":"Binder jetting of ceramics: Powders, binders, printing parameters, equipment, and post-treatment","volume":"45","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214163","article-title":"Reconstruction of osteomyelitis defects","volume":"23","author":"Dinh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2009.07.014","article-title":"Local antibiotic delivery systems for the treatment of osteomyelitis\u2013A review","volume":"29","author":"Nandi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasan, R., Schaner, K., Schroeder, M., Wohlers, A., Shreffler, J., Schaper, C., Subramanian, H., and Brooks, A. (2019). Extended release combination antibiotic therapy from a bone void filling putty for treatment of osteomyelitis. Pharmaceutics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11110592"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trombetta, R.P., Ninomiya, M.J., El-Atawneh, I.M., Knapp, E.K., de Mesy Bentley, K.L., Dunman, P.M., Schwarz, E.M., Kates, S.L., and Awad, H.A. (2019). Calcium phosphate spacers for the local delivery of sitafloxacin and rifampin to treat orthopedic infections: Efficacy and proof of concept in a mouse model of single-stage revision of device-associated osteomyelitis. Pharmaceutics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11020094"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1086\/491712","article-title":"The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin","volume":"42","author":"Rybak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13013","DOI":"10.1021\/ja802643g","article-title":"Experimental and theoretical studies of the structures and interactions of vancomycin antibiotics with cell wall analogues","volume":"130","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S108","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa439.254","article-title":"210. Vancomycin Infusion Frequency and Intensity: Analysis of Real-World Data Generated from Automated Infusion Devices","volume":"7","author":"Yamaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80347-7","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology and efficacy of vancomycin in pediatric patients","volume":"96","author":"Lietman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2473","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic study of vancomycin in Chinese pediatric patients with hematological malignancies","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacother. J. Hum. Human. Pharmacol. Drug Ther."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20160610-06","article-title":"Vascular injury in orthopedic trauma","volume":"39","author":"Mavrogenis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000195979.25659.fe","article-title":"Impact of severity of local soft-tissue trauma on long-term manifestation of microcirculatory and microlymphatic dysfunctions","volume":"61","author":"Amon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34170","article-title":"The controlled release of vancomycin in gelatin\/\u03b2-TCP composite scaffolds","volume":"100","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300563","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.202300563","article-title":"3D printing of bone scaffolds based on alginate\/gelatin hydrogel ink containing bioactive glass 45S5 and ZIF-8 nanoparticles with sustained drug-release capability","volume":"25","author":"Pishbin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, C.E., Chakraborty, A., Adzija, H., Shamiya, Y., Hijazi, K., Coyle, A., Rizkalla, A., Holdsworth, D.W., and Paul, A. (2023). Metal organic framework-incorporated three-dimensional (3D) bio-printable hydrogels to facilitate bone repair: Preparation and in vitro bioactivity analysis. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9120923"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123866","article-title":"A 3D-printed chitosan-based pH-responsive dual functional scaffold for osteomyelitis: Synergistic antibacterial and osteogenic treatment","volume":"366","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.2174\/1574888X12666170612102706","article-title":"The formation mechanism of hydrogels","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Wu, Q., Ren, B., Muskhelishvili, L., Davis, K., Wynne, R., Rua, D., and Cao, X. (2022). Subacute pulmonary toxicity of glutaraldehyde aerosols in a human in vitro airway tissue model. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012118"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2005.01.001","article-title":"Genetic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of glutaraldehyde\u2014A review","volume":"589","author":"Zeiger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res.\/Rev. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.02.020","article-title":"3D printed chitosan dressing crosslinked with genipin for potential healing of chronic wounds","volume":"560","author":"Hafezi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez, I., Hern\u00e1ndez-Heredia, A.B., Rodr\u00edguez-L\u00f3pez, M.I., Au\u00f1\u00f3n-Calles, D., Boudifa, M., Gabald\u00f3n, J.A., and Meseguer-Olmo, L. (2023). Evaluation of the In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis of a Novel 3D-Printed Degradable Drug Delivery System Based on Polycaprolactone\/Chitosan\/Vancomycin\u2014Preclinical Study. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202305.0650.v1"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4583","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00564","article-title":"Bifunctional Hydrogel-Integrated 3D Printed Scaffold for Repairing Infected Bone Defects","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121536","article-title":"Vancomycin-loaded methylcellulose aerogel scaffolds for advanced bone tissue engineering","volume":"324","author":"Reis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA07828G","article-title":"Chitosan-vancomycin hydrogel incorporated bone repair scaffold based on staggered orthogonal structure: A viable dually controlled drug delivery system","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065019","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac9943","article-title":"In vitroapplication of drug-loaded hydrogel combined with 3D-printed porous scaffolds","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"18","article-title":"Vancomycin-encapsulated hydrogel loaded microarc-oxidized 3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V implant for infected bone defects: Reconstruction, anti-infection, and osseointegration","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.04.065","article-title":"The biomimetic design and 3D printing of customized mechanical properties porous Ti6Al4V scaffold for load-bearing bone reconstruction","volume":"152","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.01.078","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin derivatives and their antibacterial activities","volume":"146","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.11.2423","article-title":"Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected orthopedic prostheses with ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin antibiotic combination","volume":"39","author":"Brouqui","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1988.tb04058.x","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin: Chemistry, mechanism of action, resistance, antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and adverse reactions","volume":"8","author":"LeBel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmacother. J. Hum. Pharmacol. Drug Ther."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90386-9","article-title":"Risk factors for osteomyelitis","volume":"78","author":"Wald","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864041","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.864041","article-title":"Efficacy Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Poly (Trimethylene Carbonate) Implants in the Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2021.035","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone antibiotics and adverse events","volume":"44","author":"Baggio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust. Prescr."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2484\/rcr.2006.1.87","article-title":"Imaging findings in two cases of fluoroquinolone-induced Achilles tendinopathy","volume":"1","author":"Sterne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"1073","article-title":"3D additive manufactured composite scaffolds with antibiotic-loaded lamellar fillers for bone infection prevention and tissue regeneration","volume":"6","author":"Duarte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"957","article-title":"Three-dimensional fiber-deposited PEOT\/PBT copolymer scaffolds for tissue engineering: Influence of porosity, molecular network mesh size, and swelling in aqueous media on dynamic mechanical properties","volume":"75","author":"Moroni","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part. A Off. J. Soc. Biomater. Jpn. Soc. Biomater. Aust. Soc. Biomater. Korean Soc. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB02099K","article-title":"Functional silk fibroin hydrogels: Preparation, properties and applications","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100442","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202100442","article-title":"Fabrication of antibacterial, osteo-inductor 3D printed aerogel-based scaffolds by incorporation of drug laden hollow mesoporous silica microparticles into the self-assembled silk fibroin biopolymer","volume":"22","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stepanova, M., Averianov, I., Gofman, I., Shevchenko, N., Rubinstein, A., Egorova, T., Trulioff, A., Nashchekina, Y., Kudryavtsev, I., and Demyanova, E. (2023). Drug loaded 3D-printed poly (\u03b5-caprolactone) scaffolds for local antibacterial or anti-inflammatory treatment in bone regeneration. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15193957"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timofticiuc, I.A., C\u0103linescu, O., Iftime, A., Dragosloveanu, S., Caruntu, A., Scheau, A.E., Badarau, I.A., Didilescu, A.C., Caruntu, C., and Scheau, C. (2023). Biomaterials Adapted to Vat Photopolymerization in 3D Printing: Characteristics and Medical Applications. J. Funct. Biomater., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15010007"},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"4053","article-title":"Gentamicin-loaded nanoparticles show improved antimicrobial effects towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection","volume":"7","author":"Abdelghany","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.17219\/pim\/65053","article-title":"Polymers as Carriers of Gentamicin in Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery\u2014Current State of Knowledge","volume":"46","author":"Witkowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polim. Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-022-01143-0","article-title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin in Various Patient Populations and Consequences for Optimal Dosing for Gram-Negative Infections: An Updated Review","volume":"61","author":"Hodiamont","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.6.885","article-title":"Biomaterial-associated infection of gentamicin-loaded PMMA beads in orthopaedic revision surgery","volume":"47","author":"Neut","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tappa, K., Jammalamadaka, U., Weisman, J.A., Ballard, D.H., Wolford, D.D., Pascual-Garrido, C., Wolford, L.M., Woodard, P.K., and Mills, D.K. (2019). 3D Printing Custom Bioactive and Absorbable Surgical Screws, Pins, and Bone Plates for Localized Drug Delivery. J. Funct. Biomater., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb10020017"},{"key":"ref_117","first-page":"357","article-title":"Antibiotic and chemotherapeutic enhanced three-dimensional printer filaments and constructs for biomedical applications","volume":"10","author":"Weisman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"157","article-title":"Studies on the cytocompatibility, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of 3D printed poly(methyl methacrylate) beads","volume":"3","author":"Mills","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szoradi, G.T., Feier, A.M., Zuh, S.G., Russu, O.M., and Pop, T.S. (2024). Polymethyl Methacrylate Bone Cement Polymerization Induced Thermal Necrosis at the Cement\u2013Bone Interface: A Narrative Review. Appl. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/app142411651"},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"193","article-title":"Thermal isotherms in PMMA and cell necrosis during total hip arthroplasty","volume":"12","author":"Gundapaneni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomater. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31353","article-title":"Temperature evaluation during PMMA screw augmentation in osteoporotic bone\u2014An in vitro study about the risk of thermal necrosis in human femoral heads","volume":"90","author":"Boner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater. Off. J. Soc. Biomater. Jpn. Soc. Biomater. Aust. Soc. Biomater. Korean Soc. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4302\/plp.v11i1.889","article-title":"Determination of the optimal extrusion temperature of the PMMA optical fibers","volume":"11","author":"Gil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photonics Lett. Pol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frunzaverde, D., Cojocaru, V., Ciubotariu, C.-R., Miclosina, C.-O., Ardeljan, D.D., Ignat, E.F., and Marginean, G. (2022). The influence of the printing temperature and the filament color on the dimensional accuracy, tensile strength, and friction performance of FFF-printed PLA specimens. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14101978"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2011.02.015","article-title":"Amphiphilic ion pairs of tobramycin with lipoamino acids","volume":"46","author":"Pignatello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154213","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1154213","article-title":"Characterization of ligand-induced thermal stability of the human organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2)","volume":"14","author":"Maane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biscaia, S., Branquinho, M.V., Alvites, R.D., Fonseca, R., Sousa, A.C., Pedrosa, S.S., Caseiro, A.R., Guedes, F., Patr\u00edcio, T., and Viana, T. (2022). 3D printed poly (\u03b5-caprolactone)\/hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: A comparative study on a composite preparation by melt blending or solvent casting techniques and the influence of bioceramic content on scaffold properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202201.0221.v1"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, A., and Hussain, C.M. (2023). 3D-Printed Hydrogel for Diverse Applications: A Review. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9120960"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035007","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ad3a12","article-title":"Wet 3D printing of biodegradable porous scaffolds to enable room-temperature deposition modeling of polymeric solutions for regeneration of articular cartilage","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cochis, A., Bonetti, L., Sorrentino, R., Contessi Negrini, N., Grassi, F., Leigheb, M., Rimondini, L., and Far\u00e8, S. (2018). 3D Printing of Thermo-Responsive Methylcellulose Hydrogels for Cell-Sheet Engineering. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11040579"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montero, J., Becerro, A., Pardal-Pel\u00e1ez, B., Quispe-L\u00f3pez, N., Blanco, J.F., and G\u00f3mez-Polo, C. (2021). Main 3D Manufacturing Techniques for Customized Bone Substitutes. A Systematic Review. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14102524"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2013-0292","article-title":"Tetracycline antibiotics and resistance mechanisms","volume":"395","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, V., Bettencourt, A.F., Santos, C., Fernandes, M.H., and Gomes, P.S. (2023). Unveiling the osteogenic potential of tetracyclines: A comparative study in human mesenchymal stem cells. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12182244"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.3109\/17453670903448257","article-title":"Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors\u2014Diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in orthopedics","volume":"80","author":"Pasternak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahangar, P., Li, J., Nkindi, L.S., Mohammadrezaee, Z., Cooke, M.E., Martineau, P.A., Weber, M.H., Saade, E., Nateghi, N., and Rosenzweig, D.H. (2023). A nanoporous 3D-printed scaffold for local antibiotic delivery. Micromachines, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi15010083"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., Souza, L.R.d., Litina, C., Markaki, A.E., and Al-Tabbaa, A. (2019). Feasibility of using 3D printed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for creating self-healing vascular tunnels in cement system. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12233872"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MH01714A","article-title":"3D printing of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels enabled by aqueous two-phase system","volume":"11","author":"Karyappa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-09-2014-0117","article-title":"Experimental desktop 3D printing using dual extrusion and water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol","volume":"21","author":"Duran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rapid Prototyp. J."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111420","article-title":"Fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA)-based porous scaffold through the combination of traditional bio-fabrication and 3D printing technology for bone regeneration","volume":"197","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3390\/surgeries3030018","article-title":"Optimizing design parameters of PLA 3D-printed scaffolds for bone defect repair","volume":"3","author":"Dussault","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surgeries"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buj-Corral, I., Bagheri, A., and Petit-Rojo, O. (2018). 3D printing of porous scaffolds with controlled porosity and pore size values. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11091532"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huber, F., Vollmer, D., Vinke, J., Riedel, B., Zankovic, S., Schmal, H., and Seidenstuecker, M. (2022). Influence of 3D printing parameters on the mechanical stability of PCL scaffolds and the proliferation behavior of bone cells. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15062091"},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"4317","article-title":"Engineering anatomically shaped vascularized bone grafts with hASCs and 3D-printed PCL scaffolds","volume":"102","author":"Temple","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015019","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa8bcd","article-title":"Sustained releasing sponge-like 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications","volume":"13","author":"Chamundeswari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/SSP.280.374","article-title":"Oil and water absorption behavior of TPU\/natural fibers composites","volume":"280","author":"Ahad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Solid. State Phenom."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.6041","article-title":"Thermoplastic polyurethane for three-dimensional printing applications: A review","volume":"34","author":"Desai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2020.01.015","article-title":"Development of 3D printed tablets by fused deposition modeling using polyvinyl alcohol as polymeric matrix for rapid drug release","volume":"109","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.11.046","article-title":"Optimization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) support parameters for fused deposition modelling (FDM) by using design of experiments (DOE)","volume":"57","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890701195262","article-title":"Efflux pumps as antimicrobial resistance mechanisms","volume":"39","author":"Poole","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.8.6.713","article-title":"Relation between lipophilicity and pharmacological behavior of minocycline, doxycycline, tetracycline, and oxytetracycline in dogs","volume":"8","author":"Barza","year":"1975","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.121002","article-title":"3D printed bioinspired scaffolds integrating doxycycline nanoparticles: Customizable implants for in vivo osteoregeneration","volume":"607","author":"Essawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.188672","article-title":"The integrin\u2013collagen connection\u2013a glue for tissue repair?","volume":"129","author":"Zeltz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0145068","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145068","article-title":"Collagen promotes higher adhesion, survival and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"10","author":"Somaiah","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.03.056","article-title":"Engineering a multifunctional 3D-printed PLA-collagen-minocycline-nanoHydroxyapatite scaffold with combined antimicrobial and osteogenic effects for bone regeneration","volume":"101","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1969.1.issue-3.07","article-title":"General and local antibiotic treatment of chronic osteomyelitis","volume":"1","year":"1969","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328216640660","article-title":"A therapeutic delivery system for chronic osteomyelitis via a multi-drug implant based on three-dimensional printing technology","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"ref_156","first-page":"58","article-title":"Tuberculosis and its treatment: An overview","volume":"18","author":"Bansal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Study on cytotoxicity of three-dimensional printed \u03b2-tricalcium phosphate loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) anti-tuberculosis drug sustained release microspheres and its effect on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"32","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118941","article-title":"Melt electrohydrodynamic 3D printed poly (\u03b5-caprolactone)\/polyethylene glycol\/roxithromycin scaffold as a potential anti-infective implant in bone repair","volume":"576","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16071","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.71","article-title":"Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon, S.J., Moon, Y.J., Chun, H.J., and Yang, D.H. (2019). Doxorubicin\u00b7 hydrochloride\/cisplatin-loaded hydrogel\/nanosized (2-hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin local drug-delivery system for osteosarcoma treatment in vivo. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9121652"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10771","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27753","article-title":"Preparation of adriamycin gelatin microsphere-loaded decellularized periosteum that is cytotoxic to human osteosarcoma cells","volume":"234","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_162","first-page":"4542","article-title":"Practical strategy to construct anti-osteosarcoma bone substitutes by loading cisplatin into 3D-printed titanium alloy implants using a thermosensitive hydrogel","volume":"6","author":"Jing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.9734\/jpri\/2022\/v34i14A35636","article-title":"Cisplatin and nano-particle formulations of cisplatin for cancer therapy: A Review","volume":"34","author":"Raj","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282241287916","article-title":"Enhanced osseointegration and antimicrobial properties of 3D-Printed porous titanium alloys with copper-strontium doped calcium silicate coatings","volume":"39","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchandet, L., Lallier, M., Charrier, C., Baud\u2019huin, M., Ory, B., and Lamoureux, F. (2021). Mechanisms of resistance to conventional therapies for osteosarcoma. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040683"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47327","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c10898","article-title":"3D-Printed Multifunctional Polyetheretherketone Bone Scaffold for Multimodal Treatment of Osteosarcoma and Osteomyelitis","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahangar, P., Akoury, E., Ramirez Garcia Luna, A.S., Nour, A., Weber, M.H., and Rosenzweig, D.H. (2018). Nanoporous 3D-printed scaffolds for local doxorubicin delivery in bone metastases secondary to prostate cancer. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11091485"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122236","article-title":"Multifunctional 3D-printed scaffolds eradiate orthotopic osteosarcoma and promote osteogenesis via microwave thermo-chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy","volume":"301","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7583","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TB01063A","article-title":"3D-printed magnetic Fe(3)O(4)\/MBG\/PCL composite scaffolds with multifunctionality of bone regeneration, local anticancer drug delivery and hyperthermia","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123267","article-title":"3D bioprinted microfluidic based osteosarcoma-on-a chip model as a physiomimetic pre-clinical drug testing platform for anti-cancer drugs","volume":"320","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123480","article-title":"Mineralized cellulose nanofibers reinforced bioactive hydrogel remodels the osteogenic and angiogenic microenvironment for enhancing bone regeneration","volume":"357","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.101253","article-title":"Polydopamine-functionalized calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite 3D-printed scaffold with sustained doxorubicin release for synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy of osteosarcoma and accelerated bone regeneration","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3109\/1061186X.2012.757769","article-title":"Delivery of hydrophilic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride-targeted liver using apoAI as carrier","volume":"21","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201818666210820101549","article-title":"Release kinetics of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose governing drug release and hydrodynamic changes of matrix tablet","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10675","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SM01070K","article-title":"Production of doxorubicin-loaded PCL nanoparticles through a flow-focusing microfluidic device: Encapsulation efficacy and drug release","volume":"17","author":"Heshmatnezhad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.18433\/J3TS4V","article-title":"Iron complexation to histone deacetylase inhibitors SAHA and LAQ824 in PEGylated liposomes can considerably improve pharmacokinetics in rats","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2018.1483384","article-title":"Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics study of a novel genistein-loaded mixed micelles system","volume":"44","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1346\/CCMN.1995.0430411","article-title":"The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of clay minerals","volume":"43","author":"Giese","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clays Clay Miner."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5703","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA08353D","article-title":"Electrospun collagen core\/poly-l-lactic acid shell nanofibers for prolonged release of hydrophilic drug","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02980037","article-title":"Control of encapsulation efficiency and initial burst in polymeric microparticle systems","volume":"27","author":"Yeo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kovshova, T., Osipova, N., Alekseeva, A., Malinovskaya, J., Belov, A., Budko, A., Pavlova, G., Maksimenko, O., Nagpal, S., and Braner, S. (2021). Exploring the interplay between drug release and targeting of lipid-like polymer nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26040831"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2174\/187152012799014986","article-title":"Bisphosphonate anticancer activity in multiple myeloma","volume":"12","author":"Terpos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anti-Cancer Agents Med. Chem. Anti-Cancer Agents"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1017\/S1470903107005147","article-title":"Bisphosphonates and prevention of metastases: The AZURE study","volume":"10","author":"Burkinshaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Online"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.113064","article-title":"A bifunctional zoledronate sustained-release system in scaffold: Tumor therapy and bone repair","volume":"222","author":"Di","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.18063\/ijb.769","article-title":"3D-printed biodegradable magnesium alloy scaffolds with zoledronic acid-loaded ceramic composite coating promote osteoporotic bone defect repair","volume":"9","author":"Ran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Bioprint"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-022-01133-6","article-title":"Fused deposition modeling three-dimensional printing of flexible polyurethane intravaginal rings with controlled tunable release profiles for multiple active drugs","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-017-6537-4","article-title":"Studies regarding the induced thermal degradation, kinetic analysis and possible interactions with various excipients of an osseointegration agent: Zoledronic acid","volume":"130","author":"Albu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, R., Lai, M.K., Ismail, K.I., and Yap, T.C. (2024). Characterization of the Dimensional Precision, Physical Bonding, and Tensile Performance of 3D-Printed PLA Parts with Different Printing Temperature. J. Manuf. Mater. Process., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmmp8020056"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-016-2953-9","article-title":"Solvent effect on molecular structure, IR spectra, thermodynamic properties and chemical stability of zoledronic acid: DFT study","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Model."},{"key":"ref_190","unstructured":"Johnson, D.B., Lopez, M.J., and Kelley, B. (2023). Dexamethasone. StatPearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S163219","article-title":"A drug eluting poly(trimethylene carbonate)\/poly(lactic acid)-reinforced nanocomposite for the functional delivery of osteogenic molecules","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c00774","article-title":"Bone Tissue Engineering with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Polycaprolactone\/Graphene Oxide\/Dexamethasone 3D-Printed Scaffolds","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2022.2049059","article-title":"The fabrication of multifunctional sodium alginate scaffold incorporating ibuprofen-loaded modified PLLA microspheres based on cryogenic 3D printing","volume":"33","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2023.2295057","article-title":"3D printing of MOF-reinforced methacrylated gelatin scaffolds for bone regeneration","volume":"35","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TB02756K","article-title":"A hybrid 3D-printed aspirin-laden liposome composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-019-02292-3","article-title":"Vitamin D3 release from traditionally and additively manufactured tricalcium phosphate bone tissue engineering scaffolds","volume":"48","author":"Vu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37756","article-title":"3D printed scaffolds with quercetin and vitamin D3 nanocarriers: In vitro cellular evaluation","volume":"112","author":"Bose","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2019.03.023","article-title":"Experimental study of rhBMP-2 chitosan nano-sustained release carrier-loaded PLGA\/nHA scaffolds to construct mandibular tissue-engineered bone","volume":"102","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5055","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S423985","article-title":"Enhanced osteogenic activity and bone repair ability of PLGA\/MBG scaffolds doped with ZIF-8 nanoparticles loaded with BMP-2","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.07.010","article-title":"Effects of bone morphogenic protein-2 loaded on the 3D-printed MesoCS scaffolds","volume":"117","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000076","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202000076","article-title":"A Biomimetic Biphasic Osteochondral Scaffold with Layer-Specific Release of Stem Cell Differentiation Inducers for the Reconstruction of Osteochondral Defects","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_202","first-page":"41","article-title":"PLGA\/\u03b2-TCP composite scaffold incorporating cucurbitacin B promotes bone regeneration by inducing angiogenesis","volume":"31","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB02547G","article-title":"In vivo and In vitro properties evaluation of curcumin loaded MgO doped 3D printed TCP scaffolds","volume":"11","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12964","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c19617","article-title":"Ginger and Garlic Extracts Enhance Osteogenesis in 3D Printed Calcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds with Bimodal Pore Distribution","volume":"14","author":"Bose","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214194","article-title":"Gingerol encapsulated lipid nanoparticles on 3D-printed scaffolds for orthopedic and dental applications","volume":"172","author":"Bose","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hock, F.J., and Pugsley, M.K. (2024). Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assays, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35529-5"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2021.1972255","article-title":"How necessary are animal models for modern drug discovery?","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13066","article-title":"3D cell culture models: Drug pharmacokinetics, safety assessment, and regulatory consideration","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foglizzo, V., Cocco, E., and Marchi\u00f2, S. (2022). Advanced cellular models for preclinical drug testing: From 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip technology. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14153692"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badr-Eldin, S.M., Aldawsari, H.M., Kotta, S., Deb, P.K., and Venugopala, K.N. (2022). Three-dimensional in vitro cell culture models for efficient drug discovery: Progress so far and future prospects. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15080926"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045013","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ac1ea8","article-title":"Simultaneous 2D and 3D cell culture array for multicellular geometry, drug discovery and tumor microenvironment reconstruction","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"ref_212","first-page":"580","article-title":"IC50: An unsuitable measure for large-sized prostate cancer spheroids in drug sensitivity evaluation","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bosn. J. Basic. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45144-w","article-title":"Comparative analysis between 2D and 3D colorectal cancer culture models for insights into cellular morphological and transcriptomic variations","volume":"13","author":"Abbas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1159\/000516240","article-title":"Animal models in pharmacology: A brief history awarding the nobel prizes for physiology or medicine","volume":"106","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Admane, P., Mane, S., and Vinchurkar, K. (2024). 3D Printing Technology in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Its Application in Drug Delivery in the Context of Personalized Medication. Personalized Medicine-New Perspectives, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1006586"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mihaylova, A., Shopova, D., Parahuleva, N., Yaneva, A., and Bakova, D. (2024). (3D) bioprinting\u2014Next dimension of the pharmaceutical sector. Pharmaceuticals, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17060797"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-021-02752-9","article-title":"Advances in the fabrication of scaffold and 3D printing of biomimetic bone graft","volume":"49","author":"Bisht","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11661-020-05796-z","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in the selective laser melting of biodegradable metals for load-bearing bone scaffold applications","volume":"51","author":"Carluccio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metall. Mater. Trans. A"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28816","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28816","article-title":"Fracture behaviors of ceramic tissue scaffolds for load bearing applications","volume":"6","author":"Entezari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2022.108036","article-title":"Extrusion-based 3D printing of high internal phase emulsions stabilized by co-assembled \u03b2-cyclodextrin and chitosan","volume":"134","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113118","article-title":"Fabrication of fat-reduced water-in-oil emulsion and the application in 3D printing","volume":"172","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.2c02936","article-title":"3D Printed Hierarchical Porous Poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) Scaffolds from Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsion Templating","volume":"39","author":"Ghosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035018","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ac73b9","article-title":"Long-term mechanical loading is required for the formation of 3D bioprinted functional osteocyte bone organoids","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breathwaite, E., Weaver, J., Odanga, J., Dela Pena-Ponce, M., and Lee, J.B. (2020). 3D Bioprinted Osteogenic Tissue Models for In Vitro Drug Screening. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25153442"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaw5111","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw5111","article-title":"Aspiration-assisted bioprinting for precise positioning of biologics","volume":"6","author":"Ayan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bprint.2020.e00088","article-title":"A comprehensive review on scaffold-free bioinks for bioprinting","volume":"19","author":"Khoshnood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioprinting"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.226","article-title":"Spheroid-based drug screen: Considerations and practical approach","volume":"4","author":"Friedrich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bprint.2019.e00050","article-title":"Scaffold-free bioprinting of mesenchymal stem cells using the Regenova printer: Spheroid characterization and osteogenic differentiation","volume":"15","author":"Aguilar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioprinting"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476922","DOI":"10.1080\/20565623.2025.2476922","article-title":"Amniotic fluid MSCs for scaffold-free cartilage repair: Spheroid fusion and chondrogenic microtissue development","volume":"11","author":"Zuliani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Sci. OA"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2019.1687511","article-title":"Systemic drugs with impact on osteoarthritis","volume":"51","author":"Apostu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Rev."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9488","DOI":"10.1021\/am5018607","article-title":"Superhydrophobic chips for cell spheroids high-throughput generation and drug screening","volume":"6","author":"Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2016.0400","article-title":"Derivation of cortical spheroids from human induced pluripotent stem cells in a suspension bioreactor","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120624","article-title":"In vitro bone metastasis dwelling in a 3D bioengineered niche","volume":"269","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2207606","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202207606","article-title":"Premetastatic Niche Mimicking Bone-On-A-Chip: A Microfluidic Platform to Study Bone Metastasis in Cancer Patients","volume":"19","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_235","first-page":"1","article-title":"An osteosarcoma-on-a-chip model for studying osteosarcoma matrix-cell interactions and drug responses","volume":"34","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellegrini, E., Desando, G., Petretta, M., Cellamare, A., Cristalli, C., Pasello, M., Manara, M.C., Grigolo, B., and Scotlandi, K. (2022). A 3D collagen-based bioprinted model to study osteosarcoma invasiveness and drug response. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14194070"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01744-1","article-title":"3D-printing of dipyridamole\/thermoplastic polyurethane materials for bone regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Adhami","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127492","article-title":"Nuciferine-loaded chitosan hydrogel-integrated 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: A combinatorial approach","volume":"253","author":"Bharathi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2019.05.018","article-title":"Post-manufacture loading of filaments and 3D printed PLA scaffolds with prednisolone and dexamethasone for tissue regeneration applications","volume":"141","author":"Auriemma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_240","first-page":"122","article-title":"Zoledronate loaded polylactic acid\/polycaprolactone\/hydroxyapatite scaffold accelerates regeneration and led to enhance structural performance and functional ability of the radial bone defect in rat","volume":"24","author":"Oryan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01105","article-title":"MicroRNA-200c release from Gelatin-Coated 3D-Printed PCL scaffolds enhances bone regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Remy","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01737-7","article-title":"Direct 3D printed biocompatible microfluidics: Assessment of human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and cytotoxic drug screening in a dynamic culture system","volume":"20","author":"Riester","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214419","article-title":"A customizable micropatterned platform for osteosarcoma spheroid generation, imaging, and drug screening","volume":"177","author":"Lipreri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20417314241231452","DOI":"10.1177\/20417314241231452","article-title":"Regulation of the immune microenvironment by pioglitazone-loaded polylactic glycolic acid nanosphere composite scaffolds to promote vascularization and bone regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Gong, W., and Tu, X. (2024). The Osteocyte with SB216763-Activated Canonical Wnt Signaling Constructs a Multifunctional 4D Intelligent Osteogenic Module. Biomolecules, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14030354"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.50741","article-title":"Progenitor cell-derived exosomes endowed with VEGF plasmids enhance osteogenic induction and vascular remodeling in large segmental bone defects","volume":"11","author":"Zha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126028","article-title":"Fabrication of a three-dimensional printed gelatin\/sodium alginate\/nano-attapulgite composite polymer scaffold loaded with leonurine hydrochloride and its effects on osteogenesis and vascularization","volume":"249","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-025-00514-y","article-title":"Enhancing in vitro osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via sustained dexamethasone delivery in 3D-Printed hybrid scaffolds based on polycaprolactone-nanohydroxyapatite\/alginate-gelatin for bone regeneration","volume":"19","author":"Noory","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_249","first-page":"1","article-title":"An electrostatic encapsulation strategy to motivate 3D-printed polyelectrolyte scaffolds for repair of osteoporotic bone defects","volume":"46","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.101187","article-title":"Silica 3D printed scaffolds as pH stimuli-responsive drug release platform","volume":"28","author":"Delgado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035020","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ab906e","article-title":"3D printed composite scaffolds with dual small molecule delivery for mandibular bone regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Woodbine, L., Carr, A.M., Pillai, A.R., Nokhodchi, A., and Maniruzzaman, M. (2020). 3D Printed Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC) Scaffolds for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12111077"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355019","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1355019","article-title":"A personalized biomimetic dual-drug delivery system via controlled release of PTH(1-34) and simvastatin for in situ osteoporotic bone regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.02.044","article-title":"Biodegradable water-based polyurethane scaffolds with a sequential release function for cell-free cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"88","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.04.021","article-title":"3D-printed polycaprolactone scaffolds functionalized with poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid microparticles enhance bone regeneration through tunable drug release","volume":"198","author":"Abizanda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34555","article-title":"An effective dual-factor modified 3D-printed PCL scaffold for bone defect repair","volume":"108","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s10544-018-0264-x","article-title":"Design and validation of an osteochondral bioreactor for the screening of treatments for osteoarthritis","volume":"20","author":"Nichols","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"ref_258","first-page":"1639","article-title":"Lotus seedpod-inspired internal vascularized 3D printed scaffold for bone tissue repair","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2401144","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202401144","article-title":"An Integrated Microcurrent Delivery System Facilitates Human Parathyroid Hormone Delivery for Enhancing Osteoanabolic Effect","volume":"9","author":"Mo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialsau.3c00040","article-title":"MXene-Integrated Silk Fibroin-Based Self-Assembly-Driven 3D-Printed Theragenerative Scaffolds for Remotely Photothermal Anti-Osteosarcoma Ablation and Bone Regeneration","volume":"3","author":"Pektas","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Au"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c06966","article-title":"Drug-Releasing Tannic Acid-Mediated Adhesive PEG Hydrogel for Porous Titanium Implants","volume":"9","author":"Bubpamala","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v035a01","article-title":"Locally delivered ethyl-2,5-dihydroxybenzoate using 3D printed bone implant for promotion of bone regeneration in a osteoporotic animal model","volume":"35","author":"Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Cell Mater."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100683","article-title":"Fabrication of a composite 3D-printed titanium alloy combined with controlled in situ drug release to prevent osteosarcoma recurrence","volume":"20","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"ref_264","first-page":"223","article-title":"Simvastatin\/hydrogel-loaded 3D-printed titanium alloy scaffolds suppress osteosarcoma via TF\/NOX2-associated ferroptosis while repairing bone defects","volume":"33","author":"Jing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2023.113563","article-title":"Micelle encapsulated curcumin and piperine-laden 3D printed calcium phosphate scaffolds enhance in vitro biological properties","volume":"231","author":"Bose","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.1c01181","article-title":"Effects of Vitamin A (Retinol) Release from Calcium Phosphate Matrices and Porous 3D Printed Scaffolds on Bone Cell Proliferation and Maturation","volume":"5","author":"Vu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4038\/sjdem.v5i2.7288","article-title":"Mineral and bone disorders secondary to chronic kidney disease (renal osteodystrophy)","volume":"5","author":"Onyiriuka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sri Lanka J. Diabetes Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.22540\/JRPMS-05-065","article-title":"Acid-base disorders and the impact on metabolic bone disease in hemodialysis patients","volume":"5","author":"Evaggelou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Res. Pract. Musculoskelet. Syst."},{"key":"ref_269","first-page":"e20","article-title":"Orthopaedic Manifestations of Inborn Errors of Metabolism","volume":"9","author":"Prasad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Rev."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9923-y","article-title":"Gaucher disease and bone manifestations","volume":"95","author":"Marcucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevOncog.2013006060","article-title":"Gaucher disease: A comprehensive review","volume":"18","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncog."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192761","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/192761","article-title":"Pathogenesis of bone alterations in Gaucher disease: The role of immune system","volume":"2015","author":"Mucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.35754\/0234-5730-2019-64-1-49-59","article-title":"Reversible and irreversible radiological signs of bone involvement in type I Gaucher disease","volume":"64","author":"Soloveva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Russ. J. Hematol. Transfusiol."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A2","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.75.suppl_1.750002","article-title":"Skeletal aspects of Gaucher disease: A review","volume":"75","author":"Wenstrup","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012440428282","article-title":"Lessons learned from the development of enzyme therapy for Gaucher disease","volume":"24","author":"Barranger","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-017-1541-7","article-title":"Combined miglustat and enzyme replacement therapy in two patients with type 1 Gaucher disease: Two case reports","volume":"12","author":"Amato","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045023","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/acf95a","article-title":"Biofabrication of anin-vitrobone model for Gaucher disease","volume":"15","author":"Banerjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07606.x","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies against human \u03b2-glucocerebrosidase","volume":"134","author":"Barneveld","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029130","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1029130","article-title":"Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors, sclerostin and DKK-1, correlate with pain and bone pathology in patients with Gaucher disease","volume":"13","author":"Ivanova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duong, L.H., and Chen, P.-C. (2018, January 1\u20134). A novel solvent bonding method for creating a 3D, nonplanar, and hybrid PLA\/PMMA microfluidic chip. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 13th Annual International Conference on Nano\/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/NEMS.2018.8556973"},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2018.08.002","article-title":"Novel solvent bonding method for creation of a three-dimensional, non-planar, hybrid PLA\/PMMA microfluidic chip","volume":"280","author":"Lynh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034036","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2744025","article-title":"Optical method for real-time monitoring of drug concentrations facilitates the development of novel methods for drug delivery to brain tissue","volume":"12","author":"Reif","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-016-0005-9","article-title":"Additively manufactured medical products\u2014The FDA perspective","volume":"2","author":"Coburn","year":"2016","journal-title":"3D Print. Med."},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-022-00134-y","article-title":"Interpretation of regulatory factors for 3D printing at hospitals and medical centers, or at the point of care","volume":"8","author":"Beitler","year":"2022","journal-title":"3D Print. Med."},{"key":"ref_285","unstructured":"(2025, October 15). Food and Drug Administration, USA, Highlights of Prescribing Information\u2014Spritam, Available online: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2015\/207958s000lbl.pdf."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110213","article-title":"Impact of current good manufacturing practices and emission regulations and guidances on the discharge of pharmaceutical chemicals into the environment from manufacturing, use, and disposal","volume":"110","author":"Velagaleti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-025-01868-y","article-title":"A framework for conducting clinical trials involving 3D printing of medicines at the point-of-care","volume":"15","author":"Basit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_288","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (2025, October 15). Quality Innovation Group. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/committees\/working-parties-other-groups\/chmp-working-parties-other-groups\/quality-innovation-group."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-021-00098-5","article-title":"A guideline for 3D printing terminology in biomedical research utilizing ISO\/ASTM standards","volume":"7","author":"Alexander","year":"2021","journal-title":"3D Print. Med."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-1005-0","article-title":"Effects of disinfection and sterilization on the dimensional changes and mechanical properties of 3D printed surgical guides for implant therapy\u2014Pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Gombocz","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral. Health"},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rynio, P., Galant, K., W\u00f3jcik, \u0141., Grygorcewicz, B., Kazimierczak, A., Falkowski, A., Gutowski, P., Do\u0142\u0119gowska, B., and Kawa, M. (2022). Effects of Sterilization Methods on Different 3D Printable Materials for Templates of Physician-Modified Aortic Stent Grafts Used in Vascular Surgery-A Preliminary Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073539"},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez Davila, S., Gonz\u00e1lez Rodr\u00edguez, L., Chiussi, S., Serra, J., and Gonz\u00e1lez, P. (2021). How to Sterilize Polylactic Acid Based Medical Devices?. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13132115"},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdella, S., Youssef, S.H., Afinjuomo, F., Song, Y., Fouladian, P., Upton, R., and Garg, S. (2021). 3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13091524"},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"032001","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ad3a14","article-title":"3D printing processes in precise drug delivery for personalized medicine","volume":"16","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120501","article-title":"3D printing in personalized drug delivery: An overview of hot-melt extrusion-based fused deposition modeling","volume":"600","author":"Dumpa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2021.0216","article-title":"Assessing Leachable Cytotoxicity of 3D-Printed Polymers and Facile Detoxification Methods","volume":"10","author":"Rengarajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"3D Print. Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012003","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad8f80","article-title":"4D printing of smart scaffolds for bone regeneration: A systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Gharehdaghi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serrano, D.R., Luciano, F.C., Anaya, B.J., Ongoren, B., Kara, A., Molina, G., Ramirez, B.I., S\u00e1nchez-Guirales, S.A., Simon, J.A., and Tomietto, G. (2024). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications in Drug Discovery and Drug Delivery: Revolutionizing Personalized Medicine. Pharmaceutics, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16101328"},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettersson, A.B.V., Ballardini, R.M., Mimler, M., Li, P., Salmi, M., Minssen, T., Gibson, I., and M\u00e4kitie, A. (2024). Core Legal Challenges for Medical 3D Printing in the EU. Healthcare, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12111114"},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03151-0","article-title":"Basic principles of biobanking: From biological samples to precision medicine for patients","volume":"479","author":"Annaratone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/17\/11\/1372\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T04:39:15Z","timestamp":1761367155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/17\/11\/1372"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":300,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics17111372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics17111372","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]}}}