{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:08:44Z","timestamp":1791724124412,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00336812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00336812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Industrial Technology Innovation Program","award":["RS-2024-00439225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00439225"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Although teriparatide is efficacious, its once-daily subcutaneous injections cause local adverse events, inconvenience, and higher cost, limiting long-term adherence. Therefore, this research aims to engineer a pH-responsive oral formulation of teriparatide for osteoporosis therapy. Methods: A layered silicate nanocomplex was obtained by spontaneous self-assembly of teriparatide (Teri) with 3-aminopropyl magnesium phyllosilicate (AC). The nanocomplex (AC-Teri) was then coated with a 1:1 blend of two polymethacrylic acid derivatives (Eudragit\u00ae L100 and Eudragit\u00ae S 100) to provide pH-triggered drug release along the gastrointestinal tract. Results: AC-Teri and the coated nanocomplex (EE\/AC-Teri) displayed high encapsulation efficiency (&gt;90%) with narrow size distributions. In a stepwise buffer transition system, EE\/AC-Teri demonstrated pH-dependent release, with less than 25% drug liberated at pH 1.2, approximately 54% at pH 6.8, and 74% at pH 7.4 over 24 h. Particle size and \u03b6-potential of EE\/AC-Teri shifted in parallel with dissolution of the outer polymer shell. EE\/AC-Teri also protected the peptide against enzymatic degradation, preserving the secondary structure of encapsulated teriparatide in simulated intestinal fluids. Compared with free drug, EE\/AC-Teri enhanced transcellular drug permeation 2.7-fold in Caco-2 cells. In dexamethasone-induced osteoporotic rats, oral EE\/AC-Teri significantly stimulated bone formation while suppressing resorption; micro-CT and histology confirmed recovery of trabecular architecture. Conclusions: EE\/AC-Teri represents a promising oral teriparatide formulation for the effective management of osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17111450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T15:07:31Z","timestamp":1762787251000},"page":"1450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effective Oral Delivery of Teriparatide Using Organoclay\u2014Polymethacrylate Nanocomposites for Osteoporosis Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Gyu Lin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon Ju","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Hwa","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiwoon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Kyung","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau7802","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau7802","article-title":"Mechanical regulation of bone homeostasis through p130Cas-mediated alleviation of NF-\u03baB activity","volume":"5","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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