{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T16:39:54Z","timestamp":1764261594535,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2024-643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2024-643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Dihydroquercetin (DHQ), also known as taxifolin, is a natural flavonoid which has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing biological effects. One of the main limitations for developing formulations with DHQ is its low solubility in water at room temperature. One of the high-potential co-formers for increasing its solubility is l-lysine, which has an aliphatic amino group in the side radical capable of entering into intermolecular interactions with the phenolic hydroxyl groups of DHQ. Methods: Several modifications were obtained using grinding, drying, and lyophilization methods. Subsequent evaluation was conducted using a combination of physicochemical and biological analytical methods. Results: Obtained modifications could be described as very easily soluble substances. The absence of the formation of new covalent bonds between the compounds during the formation of such systems was established. The glass transition effect was detected at 64 \u00b0C for the obtained films. It is important to note that as a result of studying the cytotoxic properties of the objects, a decrease in cytotoxicity was established during lyophilization of the mechanical mixture of the initial components. For these lyophilizates, the IC50 value was 0.025 mg\/mL, 0.068 mg\/mL, 0.145 mg\/mL, and 0.288 mg\/mL for the 3T3, HEK293, Caco-2, and HUVEC cell lines, respectively. Conclusions: Co-amorphous systems of DHQ and l-lysine in the form of films and lyophilizates were obtained and described. These objects may be interesting from the point of view of increasing the solubility of natural flavonoids, which solves one of the main problems in developing drugs based on them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17121528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T16:31:52Z","timestamp":1764261112000},"page":"1528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-Amorphous Systems Based on Dihydroquercetin and l-Lysine: Synthesis and Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5360-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem A.","family":"Svotin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8\/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2790-9041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria D.","family":"Korochkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8\/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2905-7732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia A.","family":"Khodyachikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8\/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana R.","family":"Kolesnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8\/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2593-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Taldaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for the Study of Single Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10\/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biomolecular NMR-Spectroscopy, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16\/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20\/1, 123592 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3635-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard V.","family":"Bocharov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biomolecular NMR-Spectroscopy, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16\/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20\/1, 123592 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3685-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Dzuban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4170-9951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey N.","family":"Utenyshev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, Academician Semenov Ave. 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5279-7283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gennadii V.","family":"Shilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, Academician Semenov Ave. 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7262-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youyan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), MOE Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Wai Huan Dong Road 280, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2812-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (Institute of Chinese Medicine), MOE Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Wai Huan Dong Road 280, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9206-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman P.","family":"Terekhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8\/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2244-445X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina A.","family":"Selivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8\/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-022-02548-8","article-title":"Bioavailability and Safety of Dihydroquercetin (Review)","volume":"55","author":"Orlova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm. 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