{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T03:11:37Z","timestamp":1785726697069,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008958","name":"Lawson Health Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Frostbite injury is a thermal injury where ice crystals form in skin tissues and subsequently lead to damage due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures below 0 \u00b0C. The extremities are mostly affected, leading to potential amputation. As there is no pharmacological treatment of frostbite injury, we recently reported that non-clinically viable hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors promote frostbite wound healing in mice. In this study, we investigated whether commonly used cosmetic creams supplemented with sodium thiosulfate (STS), a clinically viable H2S donor drug, also promote healing of frostbite wounds. Methods: Frozen magnets (\u221280 \u00b0C) were placed on the dorsal skin of 40 C57BL\/6 mice for 3 min to induce frostbite injury. Next, commercially available cosmetic creams (Aveeno, Dove, Neutrogena, and Nivea) were topically applied on frostbite wounds daily for 14 days with or without 150 \u00b5M of STS supplementation. The mice were sacrificed on day 15 after induction of frostbite injury, and samples of the injured dorsal skin tissue were collected for analysis. Results: Addition of STS enhanced frostbite wound healing, as evidenced by progressive and significantly reduced wound area by about 50% and inflammation (p &lt; 0.05), and markedly increased granulation tissue formation by &gt;45%, fibroblast maturation by &gt;28%, and re-epithelialization by &gt;63% compared to control groups (p &lt; 0.05), with Nivea producing a superior wound-healing effect. Also, STS supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of CD31 (by &gt;25%), KI-67 (by &gt;25%), CD163 (by &gt;20%), fibronectin (by &gt;14%), and cytokeratin (by &gt;50%) in frostbite wounds compared to control groups, with Aveeno and Nivea producing a better wound-healing effect than Dove and Neutrogena creams. Conclusions: In conclusion, STS accelerated healing of frostbite wounds. Therefore, it could be considered as a novel pharmacological treatment of clinical frostbite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17121610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:32:37Z","timestamp":1765805557000},"page":"1610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Augmented Wound-Healing Effect of Sodium Thiosulfate-Infused Cosmetic Creams in Frostbite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8161-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George J.","family":"Dugbartey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada"},{"name":"Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Accra College of Medicine, East Legon, Accra P.O. Box CT9828, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"McFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8809-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara S.","family":"Ortas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Haig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, LHSC University Hospital, Western University, C4208, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alp","family":"Sener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada"},{"name":"Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.99709","article-title":"Using thrombolytics in frostbite injury","volume":"5","author":"Gross","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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