{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:35:02Z","timestamp":1793230502333,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2025R141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study aimed to repurpose aripiprazole (AR), an antipsychotic clinically approved by the FDA, as a novel antifungal drug and to potentiate its therapeutic efficacy through PEGylated terpesomes (PEG-TERs). Methods: PEG-TERs were prepared by thin-film hydration and optimized using a central composite design. The optimum PEG-TER formulation was characterized for entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP), and subsequently integrated into polylactic acid (PLA)-based 3D-printed ocuserts. Results: The optimized formulation exhibited spherical vesicles with high EE%, nanoscale PS, narrow PDI, and favorable ZP, alongside excellent stability and mucoadhesive properties. Ex vivo permeation demonstrated a sustained release profile of AR from PEG-TERs compared with an AR suspension, while confocal microscopy confirmed efficient corneal deposition of fluorescein-labeled PEG-TERs. In vivo, the optimum AR-loaded PEG-TERs ocusert exhibited a substantial therapeutic effect in a rabbit model of Candida albicans keratitis, while histopathological assessment confirmed its ocular safety and biocompatibility. Conclusions: In conclusion, AR-loaded PEG-TERs embedded in PLA-based 3D-printed ocuserts represent a promising, safe, and innovative therapeutic platform for the management of Candida albicans-induced corneal infections, offering both drug repurposing and emerging opportunities in advanced ocular drug delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17121616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:47:26Z","timestamp":1765889246000},"page":"1616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["PEGylated Terpesome-Loaded 3D-Printed Aripiprazole Ocuserts for the Treatment of Ocular Candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rofida","family":"Albash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza 12585, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7972-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez 43511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3635-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Agiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7802-7903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wessam H.","family":"Abd-Elsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef R.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4195-6036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira B.","family":"Kassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damnhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6286-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asmaa","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5918-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moaz A.","family":"Eltabeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza 12585, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrillo, F., Maione, A., Spampinato, M., Massa, L.D., Guida, M., Zarrelli, A., Galdiero, E., and Longobardo, L. (2025). Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of 2-Aminobenzoic Acid Derivatives Against a Clinical Ocular Candida albicans Isolate for Biomedical Applications. 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