{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:44:55Z","timestamp":1789591495858,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Infections caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis affect millions of people worldwide and are responsible for one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Despite the efficacy of 5-nitroimidazoles like metronidazole, concerns regarding widespread resistance and the absence of viable alternatives for specific patient populations necessitate the development of structurally diverse pharmacological agents. In this study, we investigated the antiparasitic activity of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives against T. vaginalis. Methods: Thiazolidines were synthesized via multicomponent reaction (MCR) using one-pot methodology and tested in vitro against the parasite and mammalian cell lines. Results: Seventy percent of the compounds showed more than 80% antiparasitic activity at 100 \u03bcM, with compounds 4a, 4b, and 4f exhibiting IC50 \u2264 20 \u00b5M. None of the molecules exhibited cytotoxic against Vero CCL-81 and HeLa cells. Evaluation of the structure\u2013activity relationship (SAR) indicates that the substituent at the nitrogen position of the heterocycle may be involved in the antiparasitic effect of these compounds. In silico studies also revealed that the three compounds possess adequate oral bioavailability and do not present mutagenic, tumorigenic or irritating risks. Finally, molecular docking predicted strong interactions of compounds 4a, 4b, and 4f with T. vaginalis enzymes lactate dehydrogenase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase; compound 4f also interacted with methionine \u01b3-lyase. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones are promising scaffolds for developing new trichomonacidal agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18010110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T11:13:21Z","timestamp":1768475601000},"page":"110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel Hit Compounds Against a Neglected Sexually Transmitted Infection: Synthesis and Trichomonacidal Activity of 1,3-Thiazolidin-4-One Derivatives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1495-3529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexia Brauner","family":"de Mello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus S\/N, Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o 96160-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9294-0424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda G.","family":"Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemistry Applied to Bioactives, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus S\/N, Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o 96160-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2577-5323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilson","family":"Cunico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemistry Applied to Bioactives, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus S\/N, Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o 96160-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Villalba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7284-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico Schmitt","family":"Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioinformatics-Omixlab, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus S\/N, Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o 96160-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Mocellin","family":"Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioinformatics-Omixlab, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus S\/N, Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o 96160-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4810-2690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Garc\u00eda-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5592-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Belmonte","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus S\/N, Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o 96160-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8687-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Escribano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020001237","article-title":"A systematic review of the literature on mechanisms of 5-nitroimidazole resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"147","author":"Graves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16774","article-title":"Trichomoniasis and adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJOG Int. 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