{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T21:33:05Z","timestamp":1769290385431,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004257","name":"Helse Vest","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008730","name":"Norwegian Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Lentiviral vectors (LVs) show promise as gene therapy tools for brain tumors, but optimal envelope protein choices for different tumor types have not been determined. Methodology: This study evaluated three pseudotyped LV variants\u2014VSV-GP, FuG-B2, and LCMV-GP\u2014across diverse brain tumor cell lines including glioblastoma (GBM), diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), medulloblastoma, and metastatic brain cancers. Results: VSV-GP and FuG-B2 pseudotypes significantly outperformed LCMV-GP across most tumor types. Both VSV-GP and FuG-B2 demonstrated high transduction efficiency in GBM and DIPG cells, though some cell lines displayed selective preferences for one pseudotype over the other. Medulloblastoma cells were challenging to transduce, with only VSV-GP achieving substantial efficacy. Metastatic brain cancers showed distinct tropism patterns: melanoma metastases were preferentially transduced by the FuG-B2 pseudotype, while lung metastases showed preference for the VSV-GP pseudotype. Conclusions: These findings suggest envelope protein selection should be tailored to specific brain tumor types. VSV-GP appears most suitable for medulloblastoma and lung metastases, FuG-B2 for melanoma metastases, and both for GBM and DIPG gene therapy applications. The study provides crucial guidance for translating lentiviral gene therapy to clinical applications, supporting personalized treatment strategies based on tumor-specific vector tropism profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18010137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:41:34Z","timestamp":1769164894000},"page":"137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tropism Profiling of Lentiviral Vector Pseudotypes in Diverse Brain Tumor Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Johannes K.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6774-2826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars A. R.","family":"Ystaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Bjerkvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Jinan 250062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hrvoje","family":"Miletic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6497-4061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jubayer A.","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, 7804 Namsos, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah6192","article-title":"Lentiviral vectors, two decades later","volume":"353","author":"Naldini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00487-6","article-title":"Viral vector platforms within the gene therapy landscape","volume":"6","author":"Bulcha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. 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