{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T04:20:30Z","timestamp":1779337230473,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82571113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82571113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2024SF-YBXM-264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SF-YBXM-264"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Province Health Commission","award":["2024TD-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024TD-07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Jaw osteomyelitis (OM) is a refractory purulent inflammation caused by bacterial infection, characterized by persistent infection, excessive bone resorption, and resultant bone defects. Currently, mainstream therapies for jaw OM struggle to eradicate persistent infections, avoid antibiotic resistance, and repair infected bone defects, posing a critical challenge in clinical practice. Methods: Herein, the Fe3O4@ZIF-8 core\u2013shell nanoparticles (NPs) platform designed for jaw OM treatment consisted of Fe3O4 as the core and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as the shell. Results: The core\u2013shell platform not only integrated the pH-responsive degradation capability of ZIF-8 but also retained the superparamagnetism of Fe3O4 NPs. In the acidic, infectious microenvironment, Fe3O4@ZIF-8 NPs underwent continuous degradation, releasing Zn2+, thereby conferring potent antibacterial activity. The specific antibacterial mechanism of the nanoparticles lies in the fact that high concentrations of Zn2+ directly disrupted bacterial cell membranes and inhibited the bacterial heat shock response. This dysregulates bacterial proteostasis, rendering the bacteria more sensitive to external adverse stresses, ultimately leading to bacterial death. With ZIF-8 framework degradation, the encapsulated Fe3O4 NPs were released. Under static magnetic field (SMF) synergy, Fe3O4 NPs collaborated with Zn2+ to promote bone regeneration and repair infected bone defects in jaw OM lesions. Conclusions: As a multifunctional core\u2013shell platform, Fe3O4@ZIF-8 NPs meet the dual clinical needs of antibiosis and osteogenesis, offering a promising translational strategy for jaw OM therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18030359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T11:12:25Z","timestamp":1773400345000},"page":"359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multifunctional Fe3O4@ZIF-8 Nanoparticles with Antibiosis and Osteogenesis for Treatment of Jaw Osteomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, School of Future Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"},{"name":"School of Stomatology, Jiamusi University, 258 Xuefu Street, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Gaoxin No. 1 High School, No. 78 Xifengfu Road, Yanta District, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2168-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeyang","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenlu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanzhen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, School of Future Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-3953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1271-8741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunlin","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.02.015","article-title":"Jaw Osteomyelitis","volume":"39","author":"Castillo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect. 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