{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:02:15Z","timestamp":1787029335432,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82360570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Joint Project on Regional High-Incidence Diseases Research of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["2024GXNSFDA010009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GXNSFDA010009"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education","award":["YCSW2025285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YCSW2025285"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs), a class of naturally occurring nanoparticles with a phospholipid bilayer structure, have attracted significant attention in biomedicine, particularly in anti-tumor research, due to their broad source availability, low production cost, high biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. Methods: This review systematically summarizes and analyzes the isolation methods, composition, anti-tumor mechanisms, and clinical translation potential of PDNVs based on literature retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science, with clinical trials identified and categorized using ClinicalTrials.gov. Results: Current research has made impressive progress in the application of PDNVs, both as direct therapeutic agents and as drug delivery systems. Their remarkable stability, ability to cross physiological barriers (e.g., the gastrointestinal tract and blood\u2013brain barrier), and engineerability underpin their versatile potential. Conclusions: This review comprehensively outlines the compositional characteristics of PDNVs and explores their multi-dimensional mechanisms and application prospects as natural therapeutics and drug delivery platforms in cancer therapy. Despite challenges such as standardization in preparation, PDNVs represent a highly promising class of novel nanobiomaterials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18030368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:32:07Z","timestamp":1773667927000},"page":"368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Green Nanodrugs: Research Progress and Challenges of Plant-Derived Nanovesicles in Tumor Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Junsong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Targeting Theranostics Research Center of Guangxi Higher Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Targeting Theranostics Research Center of Guangxi Higher Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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