{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:53:50Z","timestamp":1785405230701,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["101057250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101057250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["101057250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101057250"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00k4n6c32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a prominent example of delivery systems that are used to prevent the degradation of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and facilitate cell uptake. Improving LNP transfection efficiency requires careful selection of key formulation components, including the ionizable lipid and the coding sequence of the nucleic acid. Therefore, it is crucial to assess various options for the target cells, as results can differ significantly between cell types. Building on previous work investigating the effect of apolipoprotein E4 on LNP transfection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, we assess the impact of different ionizable lipids and compare modifications in the mRNA uridine to further optimize the delivery to these cells. Methods: LNPs containing eGFP mRNA with different uridine modifications were produced via microfluidic mixing and investigated for their in vitro transfection efficiency of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Transfection occurred in the presence of apolipoprotein E4 for different encapsulated mRNA concentrations. Delta mean fluorescence intensity and eGFP positive cells were measured by flow cytometry 48 h after transfection. Cell viability was assessed via AnnexinV\/7-AAD staining, after comparing this method to LIVE\/DEADTM Fixable Near-IR staining. Results: This study shows that a combination of SM-102 as the ionizable lipid with eGFP mRNA containing N1-methylpseudouridine enabled the transfection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells with very high efficiency at low concentrations, allowed for dose sparing, and even led to the LNPs outperforming a specifically tailored electroporation protocol. Conclusions: Improvement of nucleic acid delivery to human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, known for their difficulty to be transfected, was achieved by LNP formulation tuning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18040403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T10:07:13Z","timestamp":1774433233000},"page":"403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increasing Transfection of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells by Optimizing Lipid Nanoparticle Ionizable Lipid and mRNA Uridine Modification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7814-7788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabella","family":"Lambart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Drug Product Development, Merck Healthcare KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty I of Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Flender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4497-1701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Hong Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Science Services, Merck Life Science KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Hesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Drug Product Development, Merck Healthcare KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6080-3935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Campillo-Davo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2420-0301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Lion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5619-1913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Van Audenaerde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Drug Product Development, Merck Healthcare KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Science Services, Merck Life Science KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Geissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Drug Product Development, Merck Healthcare KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9255-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelien","family":"Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1613-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten","family":"M\u00e4der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty I of Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Zaryouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01007-w","article-title":"mRNA-based therapeutics: Powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. 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