{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:09:03Z","timestamp":1785409743159,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["B.SUB.25.346.01.S."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.25.346.01.S."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["B.SUB.25.346.01.S."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.25.346.01.S."]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00y4ya841","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Enteric drug forms are developed to delay drug release to avoid drug degradation in the acidic environment of the stomach or to prevent irritation of the stomach mucosa. The bioavailability of posaconazole (POS) after oral administration depends on stomach pH and food intake. Delayed-release tablets and unmodified oral suspension are the POS formulations currently available on the market. The oral suspension formulation is characterized by highly variable bioavailability, which may significantly affect therapy effectiveness. Methods: In this study, multi-unit drug forms with delayed and sustained POS release were designed. Polymeric microparticles consisting of sodium alginate (ALG), methacrylic acid\u2013ethyl acrylate copolymer (EUD), or both, were prepared using the spray-drying technique. The formulations that met the pharmacopoeia enteric release standards in the in vitro dissolution test were subjected to further in vitro evaluation via swelling and mucoadhesion assays, an antifungal activity test, attenuated total reflectance\u2013Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and thermal analysis. Results: It was shown that EUD formulations at concentrations of 5% and 6% provided enteric release, whereas ALG at 1.5% concentration exhibited a sustained, although not delayed, POS release profile. The optimal blended formulations (EAP15\u2013EAP18), comprising 4% EUD with 1.5\u20132.0% ALG and either 1% or 4% POS, met the pharmacopoeia criteria for enteric dosage forms. Furthermore, these blends demonstrated the most favorable sustained-release profiles in the buffer phase, ranging from 2 to 3 h. The microparticles exhibited beneficial swelling and mucoadhesive properties, which are essential for prolonging contact with the intestinal mucosa; combined with antifungal properties. Conclusions: Obtained carrier may provide a promising preliminary basis for developing a multi-unit, sustained-release enteric dosage form for POS and future in vivo investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18040467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T10:19:14Z","timestamp":1776075554000},"page":"467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alginate\u2013Polymethacrylate Hybrid Microparticles as Multi-Unit Enteric Drug Carriers for Posaconazole"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8966-1562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kruk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-5350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Szekalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliza","family":"Wolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6191-6053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Misztalewska-Turkowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bia\u0142ystok, Cio\u0142kowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4857-0489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina Halina","family":"Markiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bia\u0142ystok, Cio\u0142kowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6950-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Magnuszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bia\u0142ystok, Cio\u0142kowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka Zofia","family":"Wilczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bia\u0142ystok, Cio\u0142kowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1013-610X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Winnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Xing, H., Zhao, Y., and Ma, Z. 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