{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:28:08Z","timestamp":1790116088776,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease is characterized by severe motor fluctuations and disabling dyskinesias that often become refractory to conventional oral dopaminergic therapies. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of levodopa\u2013entacapone\u2013carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG) in 50 patients initiated during a four-year period at a tertiary movement disorders center. Motor outcomes were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and McNemar\u2019s tests, while multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of improvement. Results: LECIG initiation significantly reduced mean daily OFF time from 4.63 \u00b1 0.75 to 1.62 \u00b1 1.97 h (p &lt; 0.0001) and total dyskinesia duration by 65% (p &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, the prevalence of early morning akinesia decreased from 80% to 26%, and delayed ON phenomena were completely eliminated (p &lt; 0.0001). Subgroup analyses indicated that patients with troublesome dyskinesia (\u22651 h\/day) achieved significantly greater reductions in involuntary movements compared to those with lower baseline dyskinesia levels (p = 0.013). Conclusions: These findings suggest that LECIG provides a meaningful and sustained stabilization of motor complications, highlighting its role as a valuable device-aided therapy in managing advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18050517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T11:40:12Z","timestamp":1777981212000},"page":"517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Outcomes and Predictors of Response to Levodopa\u2013Entacapone\u2013Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Advanced Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study over a 4-Year Period"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7786-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e1roly","family":"Orb\u00e1n-Kis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"2nd Clinic of Neurology, Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3bert M\u00e1t\u00e9","family":"Sz\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8197-3231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szabolcs","family":"Szatm\u00e1ri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"2nd Clinic of Neurology, Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1242-3751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viorelia Adelina","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Clinic of Neurology, Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona Maria","family":"B\u0103\u021bag\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9359-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Szederjesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3850-9008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilie-Marius","family":"Ciorba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5215-6152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u0151d Ern\u0151","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540394 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radu Mircea","family":"Neagoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"2nd Clinic of Surgery, Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6113-3419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisztina","family":"Kelemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"2nd Clinic of Neurology, Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3371-6369","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Szabolcs","family":"Szatm\u00e1ri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konr\u00e1d-J\u00e1nos","family":"B\u00edr\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Clinic of Neurology, Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0863-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoleta","family":"Cr\u0103ciun Ciorba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3346-4082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attila","family":"Frigy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1675-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f3zsef Attila","family":"Sz\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of T\u00e2rgu Mures, 540142 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"},{"name":"2nd Clinic of Neurology, Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2018.1502165","article-title":"Developing consensus among movement disorder specialists on clinical indicators for identification and management of advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: A multi-country Delphi-panel approach","volume":"34","author":"Antonini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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