{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:21:49Z","timestamp":1790014909826,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Project of Yancheng Municipal Health Commission","award":["YK2024054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YK2024054"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Medicine Special Fund of Nantong University","award":["2024JQ020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JQ020"]}]},{"award":["2024JQ020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JQ020"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02afcvw97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has increased the demand for non-antibiotic antibacterial strategies. Although photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are promising alternatives, each modality alone may show limited antibacterial efficacy. This study aimed to construct a flexible dual-light-responsive nanofibrous membrane integrating PTT and PDT for improved in vitro antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria. Methods: A silica nanofibrous membrane (SNF) was prepared by electrospinning followed by calcination. An Fe-doped sulfonated TpPa covalent organic framework (SCOF-Fe) was then grown in situ on the SNF surface via an interfacial diffusion strategy to obtain SNF@SCOF-Fe. The membrane was characterized in terms of morphology, structure, optical absorption, photothermal performance, Fe loading, Fe leaching, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In vitro antibacterial activity against supplier-reported MDR Escherichia coli (E. coli) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was evaluated under 420 nm, 808 nm, and dual-light (420 + 808 nm) irradiation. Results: Fe doping broadened the optical absorption of the COF-functionalized membrane into the near-infrared region and improved its photothermal response. Under dual-light irradiation, SNF@SCOF-Fe generated singlet oxygen, superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, together with a greater temperature increase than the undoped membrane. Within 15 min, SNF@SCOF-Fe achieved antibacterial rates of 99.29% against E. coli and 99.62% against MRSA. In addition, controlled dual-light cytocompatibility testing yielded 78.76% viability in L929 fibroblasts and 82.86% viability in MC38 murine colon carcinoma cells after SNF@SCOF-Fe treatment. Conclusions: SNF@SCOF-Fe combines dual-light-triggered photothermal heating and ROS generation within a flexible nanofibrous membrane and demonstrated effective in vitro antibacterial activity against two representative resistant bacteria. These findings support further investigation of SNF@SCOF-Fe as a light-responsive antibacterial membrane in relevant in vitro and in vivo models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18060715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:50:58Z","timestamp":1781157058000},"page":"715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dual-Light-Responsive Fe-Doped Covalent Organic Framework-Functionalized SiO2 Nanofibrous Membrane for Synergistic Photothermal and Photodynamic Inactivation of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanlan","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People\u2019s Hospital, Yancheng 224001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01155-0","article-title":"The role of bacterial metabolism in antimicrobial resistance","volume":"23","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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