{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:01:38Z","timestamp":1785427298097,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":224,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Project","award":["20232BBH80012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BBH80012"]}]},{"award":["20232BBH80012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BBH80012"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00bsdxt65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Project of Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["2023QGZDSYS003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QGZDSYS003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004479","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20232BAB216095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BAB216095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004479","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20252BAC240492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20252BAC240492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Doctor Start-up Fund of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["2024BSZR018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BSZR018"]}]},{"award":["2024BSZR018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BSZR018"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/024v0gx67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Graduate Student Innovation Special Fund Project","award":["YC2025-S718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YC2025-S718"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional mineral drugs represent an underexploited reservoir of natural antitumor agents; however, their clinical translation has historically been hindered by poor bioavailability, non-specific biodistribution, and dose-limiting toxicity. This review comprehensively examines the pharmacological mechanisms and modern formulation strategies driving the renaissance of mineral-based oncology therapeutics. We highlight how mineral drugs exert potent anticancer effects through interconnected pathways, including regulated cell death (e.g., apoptosis, ferroptosis), cell-cycle arrest, and immunomodulation. Crucially, we evaluate recent advances in drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic frameworks, and stimuli-responsive (e.g., pH, redox, enzyme) release systems that successfully overcome traditional pharmacological barriers. These bioengineering strategies not only improve solubility and tumor targeting but also significantly widen the therapeutic window, as evidenced by enhanced tumor suppression and reduced systemic toxicity in preclinical models. Despite this progress, challenges regarding in vivo chemical transformations and tumor heterogeneity remain. Ultimately, we propose a closed-loop \u201cComposition\u2013Mechanism\u2013Delivery\u201d design paradigm to guide future research, facilitating the translation of ethnopharmacological heritage into precision mineral-based therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18070768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:52:11Z","timestamp":1782453131000},"page":"768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Renaissance of Traditional Mineral Drugs in Cancer: Advanced Delivery Strategies and Bioengineering Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Aolin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center, The Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Cancer in Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center, The Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Cancer in Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center, The Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Cancer in Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taohong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center, The Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Cancer in Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center, The Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Cancer in Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center, The Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Cancer in Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center, The Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Cancer in Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7661-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center, The Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Cancer in Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-022-00577-9","article-title":"Mineral medicine: From traditional drugs to multifunctional delivery systems","volume":"17","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. 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