{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:09:32Z","timestamp":1790633372733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":255,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular stents are crucial devices in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and their structural design and function critically affect therapeutic efficacy and patient prognosis. Conventional stents can effectively restore vascular patency by providing mechanical support to blood vessels. However, they still face significant challenges including restenosis, thrombosis, and limited adaptability to complex patient-specific lesion characteristics. To address these limitations, drug delivery offers an important strategy to modulate the pathological microenvironment, enhance long-term vascular healing, and reduce systemic side effects. Meanwhile, advances in computational simulations have provided powerful tools for optimizing stent design through structural mechanics, hemodynamics, and drug release modeling. Computational approaches enable the rational design of stent architectures with improved mechanical stability, vascular compatibility, and therapeutic regulation. Consequently, the development of vascular stents is evolving toward the synergistic integration of drug delivery, structural optimization, and intelligent design. This review summarizes the latest advances in functional vascular stents, clinical applications and computational design. This work aims to provide valuable insights for the engineering of efficient, precise, and intelligent vascular stents for cardiovascular therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18070880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:00:17Z","timestamp":1784548817000},"page":"880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Advances in Functional Vascular Stents for Cardiovascular Therapy with Drug Delivery and Computational Design"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xiaotian","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Hospital, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116089, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of AI and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Hospital, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116089, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4624-7466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Hospital, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116089, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6781-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kairong","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e86617","article-title":"Comparative Efficacy and Long-Term Outcomes of Drug-Eluting Stents vs. Bare-Metal Stents in Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"17","author":"Amjad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2022.100922","article-title":"Current Status and Future Direction of Metallic and Polymeric Materials for Advanced Vascular Stents","volume":"126","author":"Im","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. 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