{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:32:18Z","timestamp":1786509138847,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003197","name":"Italian Medicines Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AIFA 2010\u20132011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIFA 2010\u20132011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003197","name":"Italian Medicines Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AIFA 2012\u20132014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIFA 2012\u20132014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["AIFA 2010\u20132011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIFA 2010\u20132011"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ttmqc18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["AIFA 2012\u20132014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIFA 2012\u20132014"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ttmqc18","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b\/tsDMARDs) have expanded treatment options for inflammatory rheumatic diseases, highlighting the need for continuous pharmacovigilance. This study evaluated changes in prescribing patterns and safety profiles of b\/tsDMARDs between 2018\u20132019 and 2023\u20132024 in routine clinical practice. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (AR), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated at a rheumatology outpatient clinic in Southern Italy. Demographic and clinical characteristics, prescribed therapies, treatment switches\/swaps, therapeutic failures, and adverse events (AEs) were collected through a structured pharmacovigilance program. Prescribing trends between the two study periods were compared using chi-square analysis. Results: A total of 342 patients were included (202 in 2018\u20132019 and 140 in 2023\u20132024). Prescribing patterns changed significantly over time (\u03c72 = 83.24, p &lt; 0.0001), with increased use of newer therapeutic classes and biosimilars, while tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors remained the most frequently prescribed drugs. The proportion of biologic-na\u00efve patients increased from 52.0% to 66.4%, whereas AEs decreased from 31.7% to 15.0%, with no serious adverse events (SAEs) reported. Conclusions: Prescribing strategies for inflammatory rheumatic diseases evolved substantially between 2018 and 2024, reflecting the availability of new therapeutic options and a more personalized treatment approach. b\/tsDMARDs showed a favorable real-world safety profile, supporting the importance of ongoing pharmacovigilance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18080983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:38:09Z","timestamp":1786361889000},"page":"983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-World Evolution of Prescribing Patterns and Safety Profiles of Biologic and Targeted Synthetic Therapies in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Comparative Study Between 2018\u20132019 and 2023\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Fabiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Guarnieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Frajia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Spinoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"L\u2019Andolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, ASP Vibo Valentia-Tropea Hospital, 89861 Tropea, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Profiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, ASP Vibo Valentia-Tropea Hospital, 89861 Tropea, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5846-7058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damiana","family":"Scuteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrado","family":"L\u2019Andolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, ASP Vibo Valentia-Tropea Hospital, 89861 Tropea, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bosco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio Donato Di","family":"Paola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6746-6751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Citraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7629-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovambattista","family":"De Sarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00652-9","article-title":"Autoinflammation and autoimmunity across rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases","volume":"17","author":"Szekanecz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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Dis."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/18\/8\/983\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:26:24Z","timestamp":1786508784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/18\/8\/983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics18080983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics18080983","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]}}}