{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T12:29:26Z","timestamp":1786624166668,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":200,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanotechnology is rapidly transforming the perspective on pediatric neurology, enabling diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring strategies tailored to the unique features of neurological illnesses in children. This review acknowledges the problems caused by delays in diagnosis, the limitations of conventional procedures, and the need for new, focused approaches, highlighting recent advances in nanoscale materials and smart nanocarriers. Specifically, this paper summarizes advances in nanomaterials that can overcome physiological barriers, such as the developing blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) and age-dependent pharmacokinetics. We discuss innovations in stimuli-responsive delivery systems, theranostic platforms, and multimodal nanohybrids designed for precise targeting and real-time treatment monitoring. Special emphasis is placed on pediatric-specific considerations, including developmental differences in immune and metabolic responses, the necessity for age-adjusted dosing, and the potential long-term safety implications of nanoparticle exposure. Transformative applications are explored in various pediatric neurological conditions, including brain tumors, epilepsy, neurodevelopmental disorders, and rare degenerative diseases, emphasizing both achievements and challenges in translation. This paper evaluates various regulatory, ethical, and societal factors, alongside the integration of converging technologies such as AI-driven nanoparticle optimization, brain organoids, and digital twins to accelerate personalized therapy development. Conclusively, this paper emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, pediatric-focused clinical trial designs, and sustained investment to fully realize the potential of nanotechnology in improving neurological outcomes for children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18080999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T11:33:46Z","timestamp":1786620826000},"page":"999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanotechnology in Pediatric Neurology: Applications and Innovations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3038-6939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raluca Ioana","family":"Teleanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana Alexandra","family":"Lungescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8968-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelina-Gabriela","family":"Niculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Cojocaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7014-7065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu \u0218tefan","family":"Perjoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Teodora","family":"Chenescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5061-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Roza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana Aurelia","family":"Vlad\u00e2cenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3036-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru Mihai","family":"Grumezescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Mihai","family":"Teleanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2018.03.002","article-title":"Global Burden of Pediatric Neurological Disorders","volume":"27","author":"Newton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. 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