{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:50:20Z","timestamp":1792205420640,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Simultaneous controlled release of multiple therapeutics from a single dosage form is a major frontier in modern pharmaceutics and a key strategy for modernizing traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: Using finasteride (FIN) and a Jing-Zhu hybrid Tibetan (JZ) herbal medicine as model agents for prostatitis therapy, we developed a modified tri-fluid electrospinning process to fabricate drug-co-loaded Janus medicated nanofibers. Soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and insoluble ethylcellulose (EC) served as carrier matrices for the dual faces of the Janus architecture, encapsulating JZ herbal medicine and FIN, respectively. A custom-designed spinneret\u2014comprising two parallel stainless steel tubes nested within a plastic sheath\u2014was engineered to enable side-by-side fiber formation. Results: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed linear morphologies with a definitive side-by-side Janus structure. X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy revealed that all active ingredients were dispersed in an amorphous state, reflecting polymer\u2013drug compatibility. Encapsulation efficiencies reached 96.34 \u00b1 0.47% for FIN and 94.15 \u00b1 0.48% for JZ herbal medicine. A newly devised water-droplet assay demonstrated that almost all the nanofibers exhibited the intended side-by-side configuration, as evidenced by the rapid dissolution of the PVP side. In vitro release studies showed an initial pulsatile burst of JZ herbal medicine followed by a sustained FIN release profile, as suggested by the single-drug-loaded Janus nanofibrous controls. Conclusions: The present Janus nanostructure system, fabricated via a facile co-shell solvent electrospinning process, has the potential to enable the concurrent yet asynchronous delivery of FIN and JZ herbal components within a single nano-dosage form. This conceptual advance expands the toolkit for designing combination nanomedicines, allowing independent modulation of release kinetics for individual drugs to maximize prospective joint efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18091160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:23:53Z","timestamp":1789496633000},"page":"1160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Electrospun Integrated Janus Nanofibers for Asynchronous Delivery of Finasteride and Tibetan Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Qilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Tingyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7825-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deng-Guang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/st9.0000000000000024","article-title":"Remarkable Research Achievements in Traditional Chinese Medicine During 2012\u20132022","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. 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