{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:08:59Z","timestamp":1792789739720,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund","award":["GCUGR1125682036D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCUGR1125682036D"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/028wp3y58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["GCUGR1125682036D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCUGR1125682036D"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/028wp3y58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Second Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/028wp3y58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/028wp3y58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Canine superficial pyoderma is one of the most common dermatological diseases in dogs and is increasingly complicated by antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to develop ethyl lauroyl arginate-integrated lipid-based nanoparticles (LAE-LBNs) as a non-antibiotic topical delivery platform and to evaluate their physicochemical stability, skin localization, and antimicrobial activity against clinically relevant canine skin pathogens. Methods: LAE-LBNs were prepared using high-shear homogenization followed by probe ultrasonication and characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and storage stability. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MSSP), methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), and Malassezia pachydermatis. The ex vivo distribution of Nile Red-labeled formulations was assessed in porcine ear skin using fluorescence microscopy. Results: The optimized 5% LAE-LBN formulation exhibited a relatively small particle size, narrow size distribution, strongly positive surface charge (+46.49 mV), encapsulation efficiency exceeding 99%, and favorable physicochemical stability over two months. Fluorescence associated with the labeled LAE-LBN formulation was observed in the stratum corneum, viable epidermis, and hair follicles, whereas the aqueous control formulation was predominantly confined to the stratum corneum. LAE-LBNs exhibited bactericidal and fungicidal activity against MSSP, MRSP, and M. pachydermatis, with an MBC or MFC of 12.2 \u00b5g\/mL. These endpoints were identical to those obtained for aqueous LAE, indicating that incorporation into the lipid-based nanocarrier preserved the antimicrobial activity of LAE. Conclusions: LAE-LBNs combined favorable physicochemical properties, follicular localization, and activity against bacterial and fungal canine skin pathogens. These findings support their further investigation as a non-antibiotic topical delivery platform for canine superficial pyoderma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18091165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:50:27Z","timestamp":1789566627000},"page":"1165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethyl Lauroyl Arginate-Integrated Lipid Nanoparticles as a Multifunctional Non-Antibiotic Platform: Physicochemical Stability, Follicular Penetration, and Broad-Spectrum Activity Against Canine Skin Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8246-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kittipat","family":"Supchukun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Teerapong","family":"Yata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Premier Innova Company Limited, Bangkok 10250, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jakarwan","family":"Yostawonkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9692-6243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benchaphorn","family":"Limcharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9875-7495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayamon","family":"Srisuwatanasagul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2478\/fv-2023-0035","article-title":"Dermatological Diseases in Dogs\u2014A Survey in Veterinary Facilities","volume":"67","year":"2023","journal-title":"Folia Vet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13362","article-title":"Establishing a canine superficial pyoderma model","volume":"122","author":"Baeumer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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