{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:02:48Z","timestamp":1789981368464,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002923","name":"CONICET PIP GI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11220210100826CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220210100826CO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["11220210100826CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220210100826CO"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cqe8w59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005363","name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UBACYT 20020250100047BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UBACYT 20020250100047BA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005363","name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIDAE 2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIDAE 2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["UBACYT 20020250100047BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UBACYT 20020250100047BA"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0081fs513","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PIDAE 2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIDAE 2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0081fs513","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Magnetically responsive biomaterials have emerged as promising platforms for tissue engineering as they allow remote stimulation of cells and improved control over tissue regeneration. Although gelatin\u2013alginate hydrogels incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles have been reported, the use of U-type hexaferrite particles, particularly Al3+-substituted compositions, remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to develop and characterize extrusion-based 3D-printed gelatin\u2013alginate scaffolds containing U-type hexaferrite particles and to evaluate the influence of particle composition and loading on the rheological, physicochemical and magnetic properties of the resulting biomaterials, as well as their in vitro compatibility with macrophages. Methods: Gelatin\u2013alginate inks containing two U-type hexaferrite compositions (Ba4Co2Fe36\u2212xAlxO60; x = 0.0 and x = 1.0) at two particle loadings (20 and 200 mg) were prepared and processed by extrusion-based 3D printing. The scaffolds were characterized by rheological analysis, SEM-EDS, FTIR, swelling measurements, magnetic responsiveness, and in vitro biological evaluation using RAW264.7 macrophages. Results: The inks exhibited suitable shear-thinning behavior and viscoelastic properties for extrusion-based printing. Increasing particle loading enhanced the thermal resistance of the network, whereas Al3+ substitution modified the viscoelastic response of the polymeric network. The 3D scaffolds successfully responded to an external magnetic field and SEM-EDS confirmed the homogeneous incorporation of hexaferrite particles. The magnetic scaffolds did not compromise macrophage metabolic activity. Conclusions: U-type hexaferrite particles provide an effective strategy for producing 3D-printed magnetically responsive scaffolds with tunable rheological properties without inducing an inflammatory response. The combined modulation of particle composition and loading represents a versatile approach for designing multifunctional inks with potential applications in tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18091186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:03:47Z","timestamp":1789977827000},"page":"1186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["3D-Printing of Magnetoactive Gelatin\u2013Alginate Scaffolds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Municoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica y Metabolismo del F\u00e1rmaco (IQUIMEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Jun\u00edn 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0453-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Exequiel","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas en Inmunolog\u00eda y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Luj\u00e1n, Av. Constituci\u00f3n y Ruta 5, Luj\u00e1n 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Av. Constituci\u00f3n y Ruta 5, Luj\u00e1n 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Edith","family":"Far\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Nanopart\u00edculas y Reolog\u00eda de Biopol\u00edmeros Alimenticios (GINaRBA), Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Luj\u00e1n, Av. Constituci\u00f3n y Ruta 5, Luj\u00e1n 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6697-7103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romina B.","family":"Curr\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Nanopart\u00edculas y Reolog\u00eda de Biopol\u00edmeros Alimenticios (GINaRBA), Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de Luj\u00e1n, Av. Constituci\u00f3n y Ruta 5, Luj\u00e1n 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hina N.","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Rajshree B.","family":"Jotania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6844-4482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert C.","family":"Pullar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems (DSMN), Universit\u00e0 Ca\u2019 Foscari, Venezia, 30172 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3271-9768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"De Marzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones B\u00e1sicas y Aplicadas en Inmunolog\u00eda y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Luj\u00e1n, Av. Constituci\u00f3n y Ruta 5, Luj\u00e1n 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Av. 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