{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:47:29Z","timestamp":1777600049176,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol compound derived from the rhizome of the Curcuma genus, has a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological applications. Previously, curcumin nanoparticles with different stabilizers had been produced successfully in order to enhance solubility and per oral absorption. In the present study, we tested the anti-inflammatory effect of d-\u03b1-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)-stabilized curcumin nanoparticles in vivo. Lambda-carrageenan (\u03bb-carrageenan) was used to induce inflammation in rats; it was given by an intraplantar route and intrapelurally through surgery in the pleurisy test. In the \u03bb-carrageenan-induced edema model, TPGS-stabilized curcumin nanoparticles were given orally one hour before induction and at 0.5, 4.5, and 8.5 h after induction with two different doses (1.8 and 0.9 mg\/kg body weight (BW)). Sodium diclofenac with a dose of 4.5 mg\/kg BW was used as a standard drug. A physical mixture of curcumin-TPGS was also used as a comparison with a higher dose of 60 mg\/kg BW. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed on the edema in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model and by the volume of exudate as well as the number of leukocytes reduced in the pleurisy test. TPGS-stabilized curcumin nanoparticles with lower doses showed better anti-inflammatory effects, indicating the greater absorption capability through the gastrointestinal tract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics8030024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T10:03:21Z","timestamp":1471341801000},"page":"24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["TPGS-Stabilized Curcumin Nanoparticles Exhibit Superior Effect on Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation in Wistar Rat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Heni","family":"Rachmawati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutics Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"},{"name":"Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dewi","family":"Safitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Pradana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Adnyana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(02)00323-X","article-title":"Studies of curcumin and curcumins, cyclodextrin complexation, solubility, chemical and photochemical stability","volume":"244","author":"Tonnesen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0021","article-title":"Synthetic curcuminoids modulate the arachidonic acid metabolism of human platelet 12-lipoxygenase and reduce sprout formation of human endothelial cells","volume":"5","author":"Jankun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"563","article-title":"Cytotoxicity, ROS generation activity and radical-scavenging activity of curcumin and related compounds","volume":"24","author":"Fujisawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.01.013","article-title":"Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids XXXI. Symmetric and asymmetric curcuminoids: Stability, activity and complexation with cyclodextrin","volume":"338","author":"Tomren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0603533","article-title":"Molecular orbital basis for yellow curry spice curcumin\u2019s prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"54","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(24)15211-7","article-title":"Biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in mice","volume":"27","author":"Pan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(80)90122-5","article-title":"Absorption and tissue distribution of curcumin in rats","volume":"16","author":"Ravindranath","year":"1980","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23335","article-title":"Development of curcumin nanoparticle: Physical aspects","volume":"102","author":"Rachmawati","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Vogel, H.G., and Vogel, W.H. (2002). Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays, Springer. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.06.010","article-title":"Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases","volume":"41","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winyard, P.G., and Willoughby, D.A. (2003). Methods in Molecular Biology: Inflammation Protocols, Humana Press Inc.","DOI":"10.1385\/1592593747"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Aggarwal, B.B., Sundaram, C., Malani, N., and Ichikawa, H. (2007). The Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease, Springer."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200205000-00010","article-title":"Effect of curcumin as anti-inflammatory agents on the hepatic microvascular response to endotoxin","volume":"17","author":"Yoshiya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/16.10.2493","article-title":"Effects of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(95)03827-J","article-title":"Antioxidant and antitumor activity of natural curcumin","volume":"94","author":"Rubi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.004044","article-title":"The molecular basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin and its metabolites in relation to cancer","volume":"66","author":"Heger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2006.46","article-title":"Comparative effects of curcuminoids on endothelial heme oxygenase-1 expression: Ortho-methoxy groups are essential to enhance heme oxygenase activity and protection","volume":"38","author":"Jeong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/8\/3\/24\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:28:31Z","timestamp":1760210911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/8\/3\/24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics8030024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics8030024","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints201608.0110.v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints201608.0110.v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]}}}