{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:08:21Z","timestamp":1785798501032,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25 CA236637"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 CA236637"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["28CP-0039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28CP-0039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T33PC6880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T33PC6880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program","award":["R25 CA236637"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 CA236637"]}]},{"name":"Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program","award":["28CP-0039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28CP-0039"]}]},{"name":"Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program","award":["T33PC6880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T33PC6880"]}]},{"name":"Community Practice-Based Implementation Award and Tobacco Cessation Policy Research Center","award":["R25 CA236637"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 CA236637"]}]},{"name":"Community Practice-Based Implementation Award and Tobacco Cessation Policy Research Center","award":["28CP-0039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28CP-0039"]}]},{"name":"Community Practice-Based Implementation Award and Tobacco Cessation Policy Research Center","award":["T33PC6880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T33PC6880"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tobacco use remains a leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality, with pharmacotherapy and counseling recognized as effective cessation aids. Yet, the potential role of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in tobacco cessation services is underutilized. This study explores the integration of such services in community pharmacies, identifying facilitators and barriers to their implementation. A qualitative study was conducted across seven community pharmacies in California that were affiliated with the Community Pharmacy Enhanced Services Network. Participants included 22 pharmacists and 26 pharmacy technicians\/clerks who completed tobacco cessation training. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focusing on experiences with implementing cessation services. The analysis was guided by Rogers\u2019 Diffusion of Innovations Theory. MAXQDA software was used for data management and thematic analysis. Sixteen pharmacy personnel participated in the study, highlighting key themes around the integration of cessation services. Compatibility with existing workflows, the importance of staff buy-in, and the crucial role of pharmacy technicians emerged as significant facilitators. Challenges included the complexity of billing for services, software limitations for documenting tobacco use and cessation interventions, and gaps in training for handling complex patient cases. Despite these barriers, pharmacies successfully initiated cessation services, with variations in service delivery and follow-up practices. Community pharmacies represent viable settings for delivering tobacco cessation services, with pharmacists and technicians playing pivotal roles. However, systemic changes are needed to address challenges related to billing, documentation, and training. Enhancing the integration of cessation services in community pharmacies could significantly impact public health by increasing access to effective cessation support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy12020059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T12:52:12Z","timestamp":1711630332000},"page":"59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Closing the Tobacco Treatment Gap: A Qualitative Study of Tobacco Cessation Service Implementation in Community Pharmacies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6676-2767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katy","family":"Ellis Hilts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nervana","family":"Elkhadragy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-138X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin L.","family":"Corelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micah","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa K.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis M.","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3713-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen Suchanek","family":"Hudmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"U. 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