{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T20:46:31Z","timestamp":1779223591631,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Tasmanian Government\u2019s Department of Health"},{"name":"University of Tasmania"},{"name":"UTAS Pharmacy Appeal Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration and promote better medication management, a partnered pharmacist medication charting (PPMC) model was piloted in the emergency department (ED) of an Australian referral hospital. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of PPMC on the timeliness of time-critical medicines (TCMs), completeness of medication orders, and assessment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. This concurrent controlled retrospective pragmatic trial involved individuals aged 18 years and older presenting to the ED from 1 June 2020 to 17 May 2021. The study compared the PPMC approach (PPMC group) with traditional medical officer-led medication charting approaches in the ED, either an early best-possible medication history (BPMH) group or the usual care group. In the PPMC group, a BPMH was documented promptly soon after arrival in the ED, subsequent to which a collaborative discussion, co-planning, and co-charting of medications were undertaken by both a PPMC-credentialled pharmacist and a medical officer. In the early BPMH group, the BPMH was initially obtained in the ED before proceeding with the traditional approach of medication charting. Conversely, in the usual care group, the BPMH was obtained in the inpatient ward subsequent to the traditional approach of medication charting. Three outcome measures were assessed \u2013the duration from ED presentation to the TCM\u2019s first dose administration (e.g., anti-Parkinson\u2019s drugs, hypoglycaemics and anti-coagulants), the completeness of medication orders, and the conduct of VTE risk assessments. The analysis included 321 TCMs, with 107 per group, and 1048 patients, with 230, 230, and 588 in the PPMC, early BPMH, and usual care groups, respectively. In the PPMC group, the median time from ED presentation to the TCM\u2019s first dose administration was 8.8 h (interquartile range: 6.3 to 16.3), compared to 17.5 h (interquartile range: 7.8 to 22.9) in the early BPMH group and 15.1 h (interquartile range: 8.2 to 21.1) in the usual care group (p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, PPMC was associated with a higher proportion of patients having complete medication orders and receiving VTE risk assessments in the ED (both p &lt; 0.001). The implementation of the PPMC model not only expedited the administration of TCMs but also improved the completeness of medication orders and the conduct of VTE risk assessments in the ED.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy12020071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T07:55:54Z","timestamp":1713426954000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Redesigning Medication Management in the Emergency Department: The Impact of Partnered Pharmacist Medication Charting on the Time to Administer Pre-Admission Time-Critical Medicines, Medication Order Completeness, and Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6483-2258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tesfay Mehari","family":"Atey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6764-3882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9131-7465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed S.","family":"Salahudeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6725-7546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmanian Health Service, Hobart 7000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille M.","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmanian Health Service, Hobart 7000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmanian Health Service, Hobart 7000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara C.","family":"Wimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge 7170, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2010.00667.x","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate medication utilization in the emergency department visits by older adults: Analysis from a nationally representative sample","volume":"17","author":"Meurer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12072","article-title":"National trends in emergency department use, care patterns, and quality of care of older adults in the United States","volume":"61","author":"Pines","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2011.01221.x","article-title":"The association of emergency department crowding and time to antibiotics in febrile neonates","volume":"18","author":"Kennebeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morley, C., Unwin, M., Peterson, G.M., Stankovich, J., and Kinsman, L. (2018). Emergency department crowding: A systematic review of causes, consequences and solutions. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203316"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00295.x","article-title":"The effect of emergency department crowding on clinically oriented outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Bernstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.07.061","article-title":"Incidence of prescription errors in patients discharged from the emergency department","volume":"46","author":"Gregory","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/jppr.1464","article-title":"Collaborative doctor\u2013pharmacist prescribing in the emergency department and admissions unit: A study of accuracy and safety","volume":"49","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.171","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in emergency department admissions","volume":"2","author":"Levine","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aenj.2015.03.002","article-title":"Partnered medication review and charting between the pharmacist and medical officer in the Emergency Short Stay and General Medicine Unit","volume":"18","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. Emerg. Nurs. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-008-9271-y","article-title":"The effect on medication errors of pharmacists charting medication in an emergency department","volume":"31","author":"Vasileff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharm. World Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atey, T.M., Peterson, G.M., Salahudeen, M.S., Bereznicki, L.R., Simpson, T., Boland, C.M., Anderson, E., Burgess, J.R., Huckerby, E.J., and Tran, V. (2023). Impact of Partnered Pharmacist Medication Charting (PPMC) on Medication Discrepancies and Errors: A Pragmatic Evaluation of an Emergency Department-Based Process Redesign. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021452"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12405","article-title":"Partnered pharmacist charting on admission in the General Medical and Emergency Short-stay Unit\u2014A cluster-randomised controlled trial in patients with complex medication regimens","volume":"41","author":"Tong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atey, T.M., Peterson, G.M., Salahudeen, M.S., and Wimmer, B.C. (2023). The impact of partnered pharmacist medication charting in the emergency department on the use of potentially inappropriate medications in older people. Front. Pharmacol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1273655"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atey, T.M., Peterson, G.M., Salahudeen, M.S., Simpson, T., Boland, C.M., Anderson, E., and Wimmer, B.C. (2023). Clinical and economic impact of partnered pharmacist medication charting in the emergency department. Front. Pharmacol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1273657"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Government of Western Australia Department of Health (2020). Guiding Principles for Timely Administration of Medications, Government of Western Australia Department of Health."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2022, September 13). Department of Health and Human Services Royal Hobart Hospital, Available online: https:\/\/www.dhhs.tas.gov.au\/hospital\/royal-hobart-hospital."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2015-004411","article-title":"SQUIRE 2.0 (Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellence): Revised publication guidelines from a detailed consensus process","volume":"25","author":"Ogrinc","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Qual. Saf."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2015.07.040","article-title":"Pharmacist impact on ischemic stroke care in the emergency department","volume":"50","author":"Gosser","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2015.07.029","article-title":"Impact of clinical pharmacists on initiation of postintubation analgesia in the emergency department","volume":"50","author":"Abuakar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"129","article-title":"Pharmacist involvement with antiepileptic therapy for status epilepticus in the emergency department","volume":"28","author":"Gawedzki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (2022, January 20). Which Medicines Are \u201cTime-Critical\u201d?. Available online: https:\/\/onlinecpd.shpa.org.au\/pluginfile.php\/34951\/mod_resource\/content\/2\/2020_1%20Time%20critical%20meds.pdf."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (2022, March 12). National Inpatient Medication Chart User Guide, Available online: https:\/\/www.safetyandquality.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-08\/nimc_user_guide_2019.pdf."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (2019, October 10). National Standard Medication Chart (NSMC) Audit, Available online: https:\/\/www.safetyandquality.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-05\/national-standard-medication-chart-audit-form-v1.0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12442","article-title":"Implementation and evaluation of a collaborative clinical pharmacist\u2019s medications reconciliation and charting service for admitted medical inpatients in a metropolitan hospital","volume":"41","author":"Khalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Clinical Excellence Commission (2013). Safer Systems Better Care\u2014Quality Systems Assessment Statewide Report, Clinical Excellence Commission."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0267","article-title":"Comprehensive VTE prevention program incorporating mandatory risk assessment reduces the incidence of hospital-associated thrombosis","volume":"144","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.4065\/76.11.1102","article-title":"Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients vs Community Residents","volume":"76","author":"Heit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Access Economics Pty Ltd (2008). The Burden of Venous Thromboembolism in Australia, Access Economics Pty Ltd.. The Australia and New Zealand Working Party on the Management and Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01947.x","article-title":"The incidence of venous thromboembolism: A prospective, community-based study in Perth, Western Australia","volume":"189","author":"Ho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1390002","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in tropical Australia and in Indigenous Australians","volume":"40","author":"Szabo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Thromb. Hemost."}],"container-title":["Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2226-4787\/12\/2\/71\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:29:37Z","timestamp":1760106577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2226-4787\/12\/2\/71"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmacy12020071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmacy12020071","relation":{},"ISSN":["2226-4787"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2226-4787","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]}}}