{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:10:39Z","timestamp":1773666639417,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["P20GM155896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM155896"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated safe and effective use of oral antimicrobial therapy for bone and joint infections. Application of data for implementation into real-world practice, however, has inherent challenges. This retrospective cohort study compared real-world use of intravenous versus oral antimicrobial therapy in bone and joint infections within a large healthcare system comprising both academic and community medical centers. The primary outcome was the proportion of treatment failure. Key secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients with logistical failure and risk factors associated with treatment and logistical failure. Among 166 patients included, 136 (82%) and 30 (18%) received predominantly intravenous and oral antimicrobial therapy, respectively. Treatment failure occurred in (77\/121) 64% versus (18\/25) 72% of patients in the intravenous and oral antimicrobial groups (p = 0.491; OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.56\u20133.33). Logistical failure occurred in 29% versus 47% of patients in the intravenous and oral antimicrobial groups (p = 0.150; OR, 1.93; 95% CI 0.79\u20134.70). Risk factors for treatment failure included peripheral vascular disease (OR, 2.61; 95% CI 1.02\u20137.80) and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (OR, 1.18; 95% CI 1.04\u20131.36). Similar to previously published RCTs, treatment failure appeared comparable between groups; however, oral antimicrobial therapy was overall underutilized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy14020048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T11:13:14Z","timestamp":1773659594000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-World Comparison of Intravenous vs. Oral Antimicrobial Therapy for Bone and Joint Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6877-0907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maura","family":"Kreiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prisma Health Richland, Columbia, SC 29203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7898-1379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Al Mansi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prisma Health Tuomey, Sumter, SC 29150, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9107-8561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismaeel","family":"Yunusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4404-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Derrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prisma Health Richland, Columbia, SC 29203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4409-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. Brandon","family":"Bookstaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prisma Health Richland, Columbia, SC 29203, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majdi N.","family":"Al-Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prisma Health Richland, Columbia, SC 29203, USA"},{"name":"Prisma Health Tuomey, Sumter, SC 29150, USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yorika","family":"Hammett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prisma Health Tuomey, Sumter, SC 29150, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8282-4841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan","family":"Pizzuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prisma Health Richland, Columbia, SC 29203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shah, A.B., and Norris, A.H. 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