{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:25:45Z","timestamp":1786116345396,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Our primary objectives were to evaluate the integration and impact of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) within a competency-based add-on PharmD curriculum and to describe the types and frequency of EPAs performed by PharmD trainees as an assessment tool during their placements at secondary and tertiary care practice sites. A secondary objective was to report, categorize, and quantify patients\u2019 drug therapy problems (DTPs) with the rate of recommendations\u2019 acceptance by preceptors. Methods: A descriptive study for 2437 EPAs (concerning 1295 patients) was performed by 56 PharmD trainees during their experiential training year from January 2018 to November 2021. Results: The most frequent EPA performed by trainees was Medication Therapy Management (MTM) (718; 29.5%), followed by Medication Reconciliation (MedRec) (636; 26.1%), prescription\/order review (546; 22.4%), and medication counseling (284; 11.7%). A total of 1224 DTPs were encountered through MTM, MedRec, and prescription\/order reviews, with \u201cdrug not indicated\u201d being the most common DTP (16.7%). Anti-infectives (25.1%), cardiovascular (21.8%), endocrine (12.5%), and gastrointestinal (12.1%) agents made up most of the 1612 medicines involved in medication-related DTPs. The majority of interventions were accepted by preceptors (91%). The rejection rate was 3.6%, owing primarily to medical expertise, clinical judgment, and the personal opinion of preceptors. Patients\u2019 age (older adults), gender (females), and admission type (newly admitted patients) were associated with a higher risk of experiencing DTPs. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that incorporating EPA-based practice and assessment into pharmacy training can ensure graduates are not only knowledgeable but also trusted to perform essential tasks independently, ultimately optimizing the safety and quality of patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy14050115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T08:08:02Z","timestamp":1786003682000},"page":"115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integration and Outcomes of Entrustable Professional Activities Performed by PharmD Trainees at Hospital Practice Sites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3184-4607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Bayoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4009-1483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Alghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7019-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fajer","family":"Al-Sejari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Alhazami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Frank, J.R., Snell, L., and Sherbino, J. (2015). CanMEDS 2015 Physician Competency Framework, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Available online: https:\/\/canmeds.royalcollege.ca\/uploads\/en\/framework\/CanMEDS%202015%20Framework_EN_Reduced.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2008). The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice, AACN."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (2023). Professional Practice Standards, PSA. 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