{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:26:05Z","timestamp":1783121165042,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]],"date-time":"2019-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the widespread use of tetracycline antibiotics since the late 1940s, tetracycline hypersensitivity reactions have rarely been described in the literature. A comprehensive PubMed search was performed, including allergic and serious adverse reactions attributed to the tetracyclines class of antibiotics. Of the evaluated tetracycline analogs, minocycline was attributed to the greatest overall number and severity of serious adverse events reported in the literature, with notable reactions primarily reported as respiratory and dermatologic in nature. Reactions to tetracycline have also been well described in the literature, and although dermatologic reactions are typically less severe in comparison with minocycline and doxycycline, various reports of anaphylactic reactions exist. Although doxycycline has been noted to have had the fewest reports of severe allergic reactions, rare descriptions of life-threatening reactions are still reported in the literature. Allergic reactions regarding tetracyclines are rare; however, adverse reaction type, severity, and frequency among different tetracycline analogs is somewhat variable. A consideration of hypersensitivity and adverse reaction incidence should be performed prior to the selection of individual tetracycline entities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy7030104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T03:25:22Z","timestamp":1564975522000},"page":"104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Tetracycline Allergy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, Knoxville, TN 37909, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9019-8847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Guarascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy Practice, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06354.x","article-title":"The history of the tetracyclines","volume":"1241","author":"Nelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.07.006","article-title":"Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia: Expert panel recommendations","volume":"126","author":"Verbalis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","article-title":"Infectious diseases society of America\/American thoracic society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults","volume":"44","author":"Mandell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq146","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of America for the treatment of methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu296","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America","volume":"59","author":"Stevens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.037","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris","volume":"74","author":"Zaenglein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm. Rep., 64, 1\u2013140."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019, June 04). Tickborne Diseases of the United States: A Reference Manual for Healthcare Providers, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ticks\/tickbornediseases\/TickborneDiseases-P.pdf."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)32585-8","article-title":"The tetracyclines","volume":"54","author":"Ory","year":"1970","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198101000-00009","article-title":"Pigmented penile lesions (fixed drug eruptions) associated with tetracycline therapy for sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"8","author":"Fiumara","year":"1981","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"42","article-title":"Balanitis due to fixed drug eruption associated with tetracycline therapy","volume":"47","author":"Csonka","year":"1971","journal-title":"Br. J. Vener. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1970.04000050125028","article-title":"Fixed-drug eruption to tetracycline","volume":"101","author":"Broden","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49372-4","article-title":"Balanitis as a fixed drug eruption to tetracyclines","volume":"133","author":"Dodds","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15715.x","article-title":"Tetracycline-induced fixed drug eruptions","volume":"83","author":"Delaney","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1982.53.4.267","article-title":"Intraoral fixed drug eruption following tetracycline administration","volume":"53","author":"Murray","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"336","article-title":"Dermatitis medicamentosa apparently due to tetracycline","volume":"29","author":"Ziprowski","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"117","article-title":"Fixed drug eruption due to tetracycline","volume":"50","author":"Tarnowski","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1973.tb00704.x","article-title":"Fixed drug eruption due to tetracycline\u2014A report of a case","volume":"17","author":"Armati","year":"1973","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0960.2000.00435.x","article-title":"Drug-induced solar urticaria due to tetracycline","volume":"41","author":"Yap","year":"2000","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14088.x","article-title":"Acneiform eruption from tetracycline","volume":"85","author":"Bean","year":"1971","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.39.205.293","article-title":"Acute dermatomyositis presenting with pulmonary manifestations","volume":"39","author":"Dubowitz","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1969.01610300099018","article-title":"Fixed-drug eruption due to tetracycline","volume":"100","author":"Minkin","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555558545547","article-title":"Pulsating fixed drug eruption due to tetracycline","volume":"58","author":"Parish","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"69","article-title":"Anaphylactoid purpura from tetracycline","volume":"44","author":"Calnan","year":"1960","journal-title":"Trans. St. Johns Hosp. Dermatol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"55","article-title":"Anaphylactoid reaction to intramuscular tetracycline hydrochloride: Report of a case","volume":"84","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1956","journal-title":"Calif. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198010000-00011","article-title":"Type 1 allergic reaction to orally administered tetracycline hydrochloride","volume":"7","author":"Steinbruegge","year":"1980","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-196709000-00011","article-title":"Anaphylactoid reaction to orally administered tetracycline","volume":"60","author":"Barnett","year":"1967","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.01021.x","article-title":"Case of anaphylaxis due to tetracycline hydrochloride","volume":"38","author":"Ogita","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1965.03080240067023","article-title":"Anaphylactic reaction to tetracycline in a penicillin-allergic patient","volume":"192","author":"Fellner","year":"1965","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"85","article-title":"Anaphylactoid reaction to oral tetracycline","volume":"48","author":"Haas","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Maine Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1977.tb11607.x","article-title":"Fatal anaphylactic reaction to tetracycline in the postoperative period","volume":"32","author":"Singh","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1977.tb01015.x","article-title":"A case of minocycline-induced fixed drug eruption","volume":"4","author":"Shimizu","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.2.139","article-title":"Minocycline hypersensitivity with respiratory failure","volume":"135","author":"Clayton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.05.046","article-title":"Minocycline-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome with persistent myocarditis","volume":"62","author":"Shaughnessy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1159\/000112926","article-title":"Minocycline-induced DRESS: Evidence for accumulation of the culprit drug","volume":"216","author":"Maubec","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80414-8","article-title":"Fever, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, hepatitis, and dermatitis: A severe adverse reaction to minocycline","volume":"36","author":"MacNeil","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12378","article-title":"Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome due to minocycline complicated by severe myocarditis","volume":"41","author":"Kanno","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2006.00019","article-title":"Drug hypersensitivity syndrome caused by minocycline","volume":"10","author":"Tsuruta","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2001.01931.x","article-title":"Minocycline hypersensitivity syndrome with hypotension mimicking septic Shock","volume":"18","author":"Colvin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008","article-title":"The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI","volume":"124","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70215-2","article-title":"Sweet\u2019s syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis)","volume":"31","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.6.2146","article-title":"Relapsing acute respiratory failure induced by minocycline","volume":"123","author":"Oddo","year":"2003","journal-title":"CHEST"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.35.176","article-title":"A clinical study of minocycline-induced pneumonitis","volume":"35","author":"Toyoshima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(99)80004-3","article-title":"Minocycline-induced autoimmune syndromes: An overview","volume":"28","author":"Elkayam","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2500\/108854196778645038","article-title":"Minocycline-induced serum sickness","volume":"17","author":"Levenson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890320082013","article-title":"Serious adverse reactions induced by minocycline","volume":"132","author":"Knowles","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"100","article-title":"Is serum sickness an uncommon adverse effect of minocycline treatment?","volume":"137","author":"Malakar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5070\/D3238036005","article-title":"Unique urticarial presentation of minocycline-induced lupus erythematosus","volume":"23","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.12.010","article-title":"A severe case of minocycline-induced DRESS resulting in liver transplantation and autoimmune sequelae","volume":"116","author":"Lan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2008.521","article-title":"Minocycline-induced drug hypersensitivity syndrome followed by multiple autoimmune sequelae","volume":"145","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"396","article-title":"Minocycline-induced cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies","volume":"13","author":"Pelletier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2002.15636.x","article-title":"Minocycline hypersensitivity syndrome manifesting with rhabdomyolysis","volume":"41","author":"Rahman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shamout, Y., Sigal, A., and Litvinov, I.V. (2019). Minocycline-induced transient depersonalization: A case report. SAGE Open Med. Case Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X18823827"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-1-22","article-title":"Minocycline-induced hypersensitivity syndrome presenting with meningitis and brain edema: A case report","volume":"1","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2003.01778.x","article-title":"Minocycline-induced central nervous system\u2013pulmonary hypersensitivity syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Settgast","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2010.25.8.1231","article-title":"A case of anaphylaxis to oral minocycline","volume":"25","author":"Jang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555576164164","article-title":"Anaphylactoid symptoms due to oral minocycline","volume":"76","author":"Okano","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.5.1471","article-title":"Respiratory distress due to minocycline-induced pulmonary lupus","volume":"115","author":"Christodoulou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6686.1523-c","article-title":"Acute hepatitis and exfoliative dermatitis associated with minocycline","volume":"298","author":"Davies","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"7037352","article-title":"Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome: A clinical, radiologic, and histologic mimic of lymphoma","volume":"2018","author":"Gowani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.07.005","article-title":"Minocycline-induced Sweet syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis)","volume":"67","author":"Kalai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420170135014","article-title":"Severe episode of high fever with rash, lymphadenopathy, neutropenia, and eosinophilia after minocycline therapy for acne","volume":"154","author":"Kaufmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)80199-6","article-title":"Fixed drug eruption due to minocycline\u2014Report of one case","volume":"8","author":"LePaw","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.11.1313","article-title":"Presumed hypersensitivity to minocycline and conjunctival infiltration","volume":"86","author":"Parc","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690160120024","article-title":"Minocycline as possible cause of severe and protracted hypersensitivity drug reaction","volume":"131","author":"Lobut","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Dematol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1608-8","article-title":"Minocycline hypersensitivity reaction with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Roca","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1973.03220140093021","article-title":"Minocycline sensitivity","volume":"224","author":"Shelley","year":"1973","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660250022003","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to minocycline therapy","volume":"123","author":"Shoji","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"39","article-title":"Erythema nodosum leprosum associated with minocycline","volume":"21","author":"Travassos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol. APA"},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"107","article-title":"Fever, eosinophilia, and death: A case of minocycline hypersensitivity","volume":"93","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"215","article-title":"An unusual case of allergy to doxycycline","volume":"20","author":"Deluze","year":"1992","journal-title":"Allergol. Et. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"481","article-title":"Anaphylactoid reactions caused by intravenous doxycycline during general anesthesia and beta-blockade treatment","volume":"18","author":"Raeder","year":"1984","journal-title":"Drug Intell. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2013.12085","article-title":"Doxycycline-induced cutaneous inflammation with systemic symptoms in a patient with acne vulgaris","volume":"17","author":"Weinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630701759561","article-title":"Doxycycline-induced fixed drug eruption","volume":"19","author":"Gul","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"119","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by doxycycline","volume":"79","author":"Cac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181f05773","article-title":"A case report of doxycycline-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Lau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1987.tb01879.x","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to tetracyclines-a case report (doxycycline) and review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Curley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"855","article-title":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome caused by doxycycline","volume":"26","author":"Gallais","year":"1997","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5070\/D398Z6B5VT","article-title":"Drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus related to doxycycline","volume":"17","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000119753","article-title":"Severe drug hypersensitivity reaction in a young woman treated with doxycycline","volume":"217","author":"Robles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890460044005","article-title":"Comparative safety of tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline","volume":"133","author":"Shapiro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)80289-9","article-title":"Tetracycline-induced fixed drug eruptions: Influence of dose and structure of tetracyclines","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.1999.00436.x","article-title":"Genital fixed drug eruption: Cross-reactivity between doxycycline and minocycline","volume":"24","author":"Correia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)80480-6","article-title":"Lack of cross-sensitivity between tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline with regard to fixed drug sensitivity to tetracycline","volume":"11","author":"Bargman","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dematol."}],"container-title":["Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2226-4787\/7\/3\/104\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:13:00Z","timestamp":1760188380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2226-4787\/7\/3\/104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmacy7030104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmacy7030104","relation":{},"ISSN":["2226-4787"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2226-4787","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]]}}}