{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T14:54:29Z","timestamp":1763564069451,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: to conduct a Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) focus group session. To help inform the design of a clinical pharmacy intervention in primary care for patients after a coronary event. Methods: this study followed a public involvement method. Community members of the public and community engaged research patients who had experienced myocardial infarction where invited to actively take part in a focus group discussion. This is to share past experiences and provide input and advice into the design of a potential research proposal. The session took place at a cardiac rehabilitation centre. Results: four key themes were identified from the focus group these included: experiences with pharmacy and primary care services, medicines knowledge, the pharmacist role and building rapport with healthcare professionals. Nine participants and three researchers attended the PPI discussion session. Seven of the participants were patients who had experienced a cardiac event in the last three months and two were carers. Primary care pharmacy services both clinical and public health were not very familiar to the participants. Different experiences with clinical pharmacy services were reported by participants, while one experience was reported to be helpful others perceived community pharmacists to be to be busy and isolated behind a counter. A general practice GP based specialist nurse was a familiar model of care unlike a specialist clinical pharmacist GP based care role. Participants reported limited time in GP consultations and the need to book double appointments. Participants stressed the need to receive consistent information about their disease and medication from different professionals involved in their care. Different views were expressed regarding the ability to build rapport with a clinical pharmacist when compared to a GP. Input on study outcomes and design was provided by participants. Conclusion: participants in this session mentioned that a clinical pharmacy intervention after hospital discharge would be useful for their continuity of care. Plans are in place to continue to involve patients and the public in the write up, ethics and dissemination of the potential clinical pharmacy proposal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy8010013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T11:01:00Z","timestamp":1579863660000},"page":"13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Designing a Clinical Pharmacy Primary Care Intervention for Myocardial Infarction Patients Using a Patient and Public Involvement Discussion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6126-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahraa","family":"Jalal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4173-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vibhu","family":"Paudyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahad","family":"Al-Arkee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Dyson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient and Public Involvement in Research Representative UK, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5267-2018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Marriott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, September 24). British Heart Foundation Facts Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.bhf.org.uk\/for-professionals\/press-centre\/facts-and-figures."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.505636","article-title":"Long-term adherence to evidence-based secondary prevention therapies in coronary artery disease","volume":"113","author":"Newby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.618066","article-title":"Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of premature discontinuation of thienopyridine therapy after drug-eluting stent placement: Results from the PREMIER registry","volume":"113","author":"Spertus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.3.229","article-title":"Adherence to statin treatment and readmission of patients after myocardial infarction: A six year follow up study","volume":"88","author":"Wei","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0720-x","article-title":"Statins and total (not LDL) cholesterol concentration and outcome of myocardial infarction: Results from a meta-analysis and an observational study","volume":"65","author":"Sheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03212.x","article-title":"Adherence to statin or aspirin or both in patients with established cardiovascular disease: Exploring healthy behaviour vs. drug effects and 10-year follow-up of outcome","volume":"66","author":"Wei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr340","article-title":"Clopidogrel discontinuation after acute coronary syndromes: frequency, predictors and associations with death and myocardial infarction\u2014A hospital registry-primary care linked cohort (MINAP-GPRD)","volume":"32","author":"Boggon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn346","article-title":"Discontinuation of statin therapy following an acute myocardial infarction: A population-based study","volume":"29","author":"Daskalopoulou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0351-9","article-title":"Long-Term Adherence to Evidence Based Secondary Prevention Therapies after Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"23","author":"Akincigil","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"167","article-title":"Secondary prevention regimens and risk factors are not optimised in patients re-admitted with ACS","volume":"19","author":"Rathod","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Elliott, R., Boyd, M., Waring, J., Barber, N., Mehta, R., Chuter, A., Avery, A.J., Tanajewski, L., Davies, J., and Salema, H. (2019, September 24). Understanding and Appraising the New Medicines Service in the NHS in England. Available online: http:\/\/www.nottingham.ac.uk\/~pazmjb\/nms\/downloads\/report\/files\/assets\/basic-html\/index.html#1."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"The King\u2019s Fund (2019, September 20). The NHS Five Year Forward View. Available online: http:\/\/www.kingsfund.org.uk\/projects\/nhs-five-year-forward-view?gclid=CJ3NwsHkx8kCFQw6Gwodb-0Nnw."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Murray, R. (2019, September 20). Community Pharmacy Clinical Services Review. N.D. Available online: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/commissioning\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2016\/12\/community-pharm-clncl-serv-rev.pdf."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2019, September 20). NHS England. Available online: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/gp\/our-practice-teams\/cp-gp\/."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2019, September 20). Supporting Public Involvement in NHS. Available online: https:\/\/www.invo.org.uk."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2014-000455","article-title":"Pharmacy care and adherence to primary and secondary prevention cardiovascular medication: A systematic review of studies","volume":"21","author":"Jalal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hosp. Pharm. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.s3421","article-title":"Can the jointly collection of PROMs and PREMs improve integrated care? The changing process of the assessment system for the hearth failure path in Tuscany Region","volume":"19","author":"Pennucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Integr. Care"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.12927\/hcpap.2017.25408","article-title":"Rethinking healthcare performance evaluation systems towards the people-centredness approach: Their pathways, their experience, their evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Nuti","year":"2017","journal-title":"HealthcarePapers"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2016.09.012","article-title":"Patient satisfaction, e-health and the evolution of the patient\u2013general practitioner relationship: Evidence from an Italian survey","volume":"120","author":"Barsanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venturi, G., Bellandi, T., Dell\u2019Orletta, F., and Montemagni, S. (2015). NLP\u2013Based Readability Assessment of Health\u2013Related Texts: A Case Study on Italian Informed Consent Form. The Sixth International Workshop on Health Text Mining and Information Analysis, Association for Computational Linguistics(Ed.).","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W15-2618"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2019, September 20). Royal College of Nursing Advanced Level Nursing Practice Section 1: The Registered Nurse Working at an Advanced Level of Practice. Available online: https:\/\/www.rcn.org.uk\u203amedia\u203apublications\u203a2018\u203ajuly\u203apdf-006895."}],"container-title":["Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2226-4787\/8\/1\/13\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:20:35Z","timestamp":1760361635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2226-4787\/8\/1\/13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmacy8010013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmacy8010013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2226-4787"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2226-4787"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]}}}