{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:13:50Z","timestamp":1762604030500,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Philosophies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Media ecology is not the theoretical stream of communication studies and it is not limited to Marshall McLuhan\u00b4s work and thinking; however, we focus on McLuhan\u2019s approach to media ecology for this special issue on the philosophy of Marshall McLuhan. Media ecology is a complex and systemic metadiscipline whose object of study is the changes and effects that have occurred in society as a result of the evolution of technology and media throughout history.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/philosophies1030190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T11:27:28Z","timestamp":1476185248000},"page":"190-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Media Ecology: A Complex and Systemic Metadiscipline"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Octavio","family":"Islas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Advanced Studies in Internet &amp; Information Society, Communications Faculty, Universidad de Los Hemisferios, Paseo de la Universidad 300 y Juan D\u00edaz, 170527 Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communications Faculty, Universidad de Los Hemisferios, Paseo de la Universidad 300 y Juan D\u00edaz, 170527 Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wiener, N. 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Available online: http:\/\/dianoia.filosoficas.unam.mx\/files\/2713\/6987\/4813\/DIA86_Gaston_Granger.pdf."}],"container-title":["Philosophies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2409-9287\/1\/3\/190\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:32:41Z","timestamp":1760211161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2409-9287\/1\/3\/190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["philosophies1030190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/philosophies1030190","relation":{},"ISSN":["2409-9287"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2409-9287"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]]}}}