{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T13:15:37Z","timestamp":1785762937748,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018818","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FK 128997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK 128997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018818","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FK 129061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK 129061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship","award":["00580\/19\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00580\/19\/8"]}]},{"name":"New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology","award":["\u00daNKP-20-5-SZTE-648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u00daNKP-20-5-SZTE-648"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plants can be regenerated from various explants\/tissues via de novo shoot meristem formation. Most of these regeneration pathways are indirect and involve callus formation. Besides plant hormones, the role of polyamines (PAs) has been implicated in these processes. Interestingly, the lateral root primordia (LRPs) of Arabidopsis can be directly converted to shoot meristems by exogenous cytokinin application. In this system, no callus formation takes place. We report that the level of PAs, especially that of spermidine (Spd), increased during meristem conversion and the application of exogenous Spd improved its efficiency. The high endogenous Spd level could be due to enhanced synthesis as indicated by the augmented relative expression of PA synthesis genes (AtADC1,2, AtSAMDC2,4, AtSPDS1,2) during the process. However, the effect of PAs on shoot meristem formation might also be dependent on their catabolism. The expression of Arabidopsis POLYAMINE OXIDASE 5 (AtPAO5) was shown to be specifically high during the process and its ectopic overexpression increased the LRP-to-shoot conversion efficiency. This was correlated with Spd accumulation in the roots and ROS accumulation in the converting LRPs. The potential ways how PAO5 may influence direct shoot organogenesis from Arabidopsis LRPs are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T08:33:48Z","timestamp":1612514028000},"page":"305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Polyamine Metabolism Is Involved in the Direct Regeneration of Shoots from Arabidopsis Lateral Root Primordia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nikolett","family":"Kaszler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 62. Temesv\u00e1ri krt, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 52. K\u00f6z\u00e9p fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. K\u00f6z\u00e9p fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Benk\u0151","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 62. Temesv\u00e1ri krt, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 52. K\u00f6z\u00e9p fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. K\u00f6z\u00e9p fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00f3ra","family":"Bernula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 62. Temesv\u00e1ri krt, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, 52. 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