{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:19:07Z","timestamp":1789438747948,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancratium maritimum (Amaryllidaceae) is a bulbous geophyte growing on coastal sands. In this study, we investigated changes in concentrations of metabolites in the root and leaf tissue of P. maritimum in response to mild salt stress. Changes in concentrations of osmolytes, glutathione, sodium, mineral nutrients, enzymes, and other compounds in the leaves and roots were measured at 0, 3, and 10 days during a 10-day exposure to two levels of mild salt stress, 50 mM NaCl or 100 mM NaCl in sandy soil from where the plants were collected in dunes near Cuma, Italy. Sodium accumulated in the roots, and relatively little was translocated to the leaves. At both concentrations of NaCl, higher values of the concentrations of oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), compared to reduced glutathione (GSH), in roots and leaves were associated with salt tolerance. The concentration of proline increased more in the leaves than in the roots, and glycine betaine increased in both roots and leaves. Differences in the accumulation of organic osmolytes and electron donors synthesized in both leaves and roots demonstrate that osmoregulatory and electrical responses occur in these organs of P. maritimum under mild salt stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T18:45:00Z","timestamp":1613155500000},"page":"345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Simultaneous Biochemical and Physiological Responses of the Roots and Leaves of Pancratium maritimum (Amaryllidaceae) to Mild Salt Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9862-1280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Carfagna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5791-2885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Salbitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2362-6025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Innangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Menale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"De Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4460-516X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catello","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente ed Alimenti, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6640-7044","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Thomas W.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Agronomy, LLC, Marana, AZ 85658, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00080","article-title":"Plant salinity stress: Many unanswered questions remain","volume":"10","author":"Isayenkov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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