{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T16:47:35Z","timestamp":1778863655139,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University","award":["RG-1439-041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-1439-041"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Potassium (K+) is one of the vital macronutrients required by plants for proper growth and blossoming harvest. In addition, K+ also plays a decisive role in promoting tolerance to various stresses. Under stressful conditions, plants deploy their defense system through various signaling molecules, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The present investigation was carried out to unravel the role of K+ and H2S in plants under NaCl stress. The results of the study show that NaCl stress caused a reduction in K+ and an increase in Na+ content in the tomato seedling roots which coincided with a lower H+-ATPase activity and K+\/Na+ ratio. However, application of 5 mM K+, in association with endogenous H2S, positively regulated the Na+\/H+ antiport system that accelerated K+ influx and Na+ efflux, resulting in the maintenance of a higher K+\/Na+ ratio. The role of K+ and H2S in the regulation of the Na+\/H+ antiport system was validated by applying sodium orthovanadate (plasma membrane H+-ATPase inhibitor), tetraethylammonium chloride (K+ channel blocker), amiloride (Na+\/H+ antiporter inhibitor), and hypotaurine (HT, H2S scavenger). Application of 5 mM K+ positively regulated the ascorbate\u2013glutathione cycle and activity of antioxidant enzymes that resulted in a reduction in reactive oxygen species generation and associated damage. Under NaCl stress, K+ also activated carbohydrate metabolism and proline accumulation that caused improvement in osmotic tolerance and enhanced the hydration level of the stressed seedlings. However, inclusion of the H2S scavenger HT reversed the effect of K+, suggesting H2S-dependent functioning of K+ under NaCl stress. Therefore, the present findings report that K+, in association with H2S, alleviates NaCl-induced impairments by regulating the Na+\/H+ antiport system, carbohydrate metabolism, and antioxidative defense system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10050948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T10:49:51Z","timestamp":1620643791000},"page":"948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Exogenous Potassium (K+) Positively Regulates Na+\/H+ Antiport System, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Ascorbate\u2013Glutathione Cycle in H2S-Dependent Manner in NaCl-Stressed Tomato Seedling Roots"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"M. Nasir","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4134-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumya","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal 742213, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asma A.","family":"Al-Huqail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riyadh A.","family":"Basahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6801-4263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayssam M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bander M. A.","family":"Al-Munqedhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2840-4608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manzer H.","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3833-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazem M.","family":"Kalaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2016.11.003","article-title":"Drought and salinity stress alters ROS accumulation, water retention, and osmolyte content in sorghum plants","volume":"108","author":"Nxele","year":"2017","journal-title":"S. 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