{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T23:04:44Z","timestamp":1788390284144,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010654","name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["USFQ Wrap-up grant 0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USFQ Wrap-up grant 0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010654","name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["USFQ Poli Grant 0023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USFQ Poli Grant 0023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mineral nutrients are essential for plant growth and reproduction, yet only a few studies connect the nutritional status to plant innate immunity. The backbone of plant defense response is mainly controlled by two major hormones: salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). This study investigated changes in the macronutrient concentration (deficiency\/excess of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and sulfur) on the expression of PR1, a well-characterized marker in the SA-pathway, and PDF1.2 and LOX2 for the JA-pathway, analyzing plants carrying the promoter of each gene fused to GUS as a reporter. After histochemical GUS assays, we determined that PR1 gene was strongly activated in response to sulfur (S) deficiency. Using RT-PCR, we observed that the induction of PR1 depended on the function of Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related gene 1 (NPR1) and SA accumulation, as PR1 was not expressed in npr1-1 mutant and NahG plants under S-deprived conditions. Plants treated with different S-concentrations showed that total S-deprivation was required to induce SA-mediated defense responses. Additionally, bioassays revealed that S-deprived plants, induced resistance to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. DC3000 and increase susceptibility to the necrotrophic Botrytis cinerea. In conclusion, we observed a relationship between S and SA\/JA-dependent defense mechanisms in Arabidopsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10061065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T21:56:44Z","timestamp":1622066204000},"page":"1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sulfur Deprivation Modulates Salicylic Acid Responses via Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-7093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Criollo-Arteaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y de Alimentos, Ingenier\u00eda en Agronom\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Moya-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y de Alimentos, Ingenier\u00eda en Agronom\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Jimenez-Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y de Alimentos, Ingenier\u00eda en Agronom\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Gonzalez-Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y de Alimentos, Ingenier\u00eda en Agronom\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Gordon-Nunez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y de Alimentos, Ingenier\u00eda en Agronom\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sol","family":"Llerena-Llerena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y de Alimentos, Ingenier\u00eda en Agronom\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2739-2636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario X.","family":"Ramirez-Villacis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y de Alimentos, Ingenier\u00eda en Agronom\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"},{"name":"Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"van \u2018t Hof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"},{"name":"Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Instituto BIOSFERA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"},{"name":"Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9142-9694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Leon-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y de Alimentos, Ingenier\u00eda en Agronom\u00eda, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"},{"name":"Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA"},{"name":"Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Instituto BIOSFERA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y V\u00eda Interoce\u00e1nica, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Fixen, P.E., Brentrup, F., Bruulsema, T., Garcia, F., Norton, R., and Zingore, S. 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