{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T16:41:38Z","timestamp":1772901698287,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJ01424602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ01424602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Glycyrrhiza radix (Licorice) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in Asian countries, such as China, India, and Korea. It has been traditionally used to treat many diseases, including cough, cold, asthma, fatigue, gastritis, and respiratory tract infections. A Glycyrrhiza new variety, Wongam (WG), has been developed by the Korea Rural Development Administration and revealed pharmacological effects. However, the potential adverse effects of WG have not been revealed yet. This study evaluates the general toxicity of the WG extract through a single and repeated oral dose toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. After single oral dose administration, no significant toxicological changes or mortality was observed up to 5000 mg\/kg. Over a 4-week repeated oral dose toxicity study, no adverse effects and target organs were observed up to 5000 mg\/kg\/day. Over a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity study, no mortality or toxicological changes involving ophthalmology, water consumption, or hematology were observed up to 5000 mg\/kg\/day. Although other parameters were changed, the alterations in question were not considered toxicologically significant, since responses remained within normal ranges and were not dose-dependent. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of WG was higher than 5000 mg\/kg\/day, and no target organs were identified in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10061126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T23:07:03Z","timestamp":1622588823000},"page":"1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Assessment of General Toxicity of the Glycyrrhiza New Variety Extract in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Dong-Gu","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeonghoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbal Crop Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, 92 Bisan-ro, Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wonnam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cnh Center for Cancer Research, 462 Bongeunsa-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06154, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Jin","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si 26339, Gangwon-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women\u2019s University, 60 Hwarang-ro 13-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02748, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaeki","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, 181 Hyeoksin-ro, Wanju 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sa-Haeng","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Jae","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Deok","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Korean Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, 443 Samrye-ro, Samrye-eup, Wanju-gun 55338, Jeollabuk-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1387-6226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Sik","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.12.051","article-title":"Identification of two licorice species, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza glabra, based on separation and identification of their bioactive components","volume":"132","author":"Liao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6178","article-title":"Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review","volume":"32","author":"Pastorino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother. 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