{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T21:15:43Z","timestamp":1780348543204,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Calligonum polygonoides L. (Phog) is an endemic perennial herb that is highly resistant to all type of abiotic stresses and dominant biomass as well as phytochemicals producer in its natural habitat of the \u201cThar Desert\u201d of Rajasthan, India. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of extreme environmental conditions on the phenolic, flavonoids, tannin content, and total antioxidant activities of C. polygonoides foliage harvested during different months. It exhibited a significant variation in the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidant activity with harvesting time and all parameters are positively correlated to each other. The highest phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was observed during severe winter and summer months, when monthly average environmental temperature was lowest and highest of the year, respectively. On the basis of the results, two harvests of C. polygonoides foliage during June and December are advised to maximize the phenolic compound production with highest antioxidant activity. These results demonstrate C. polygonoides, which is a dominant biomass producer under the harsh climatic conditions, can be an important source for the development of the functional foods rich in antioxidants in hot arid regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10061156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1623031000000},"page":"1156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Calligonum polygonoides L. as Novel Source of Bioactive Compounds in Hot Arid Regions: Evaluation of Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9348-0397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukesh K.","family":"Berwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR\u2013Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 33400, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1787-085X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shravan M.","family":"Haldhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR\u2013Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 33400, India"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Central Agriculture University, Imphal 795004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chet","family":"Ram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR\u2013Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 33400, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4652-6924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandip","family":"Shil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences, ICAR\u2013Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Research Centre Mohit Nagar, Jalpaiguri 735102, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR\u2013Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 33400, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagan S.","family":"Gora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR\u2013Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 33400, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhurendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR\u2013Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 33400, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilip K.","family":"Samadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR\u2013Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner 33400, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4192-6497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR\u2014Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4294-757X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Mekhemar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht\u2019s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Comparative phenolic profile of persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves cultivars grown in Iran","volume":"6","author":"Jalili","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. 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